@inproceedings{addb7de8d0974982b761f2e2832ff08b,
title = "Label-free in vitro prostate cancer cell detection via photonic-crystal biosensor",
abstract = "Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) biomarker assays are the current clinical method for mass screening of prostate cancer. However, high false-positive rates are often reported due to PSA's low specificity, leading to an urgent need for the development of a more specific detection system independent of PSA levels. In our previous research, we demonstrated the feasibility of using cellular refractive indices (RI) as a unique contrast parameter to accomplish label-free detection of prostate cancer cells via variance testing, but were unable to determine if a specific cell was cancerous or noncancerous. In this paper, we report the use of our Photonic-Crystal biosensor in a Total-Internal-Reflection (PC-TIR) configuration to construct a label-free imaging system, which allows for the detection of individual prostate cancer cells utilizing cellular RI as the only contrast parameter. Noncancerous prostate (BPH-1) cells and prostate cancer (PC-3) cells were mixed at varied ratios and measured concurrently. Additionally, we isolated and induced PC-3 cells to undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by exposing these cells to soluble factors such as TGF-β1. The biophysical characteristics of the cellular RI were quantified extensively in comparison to non-induced PC-3 cells as well as BPH-1 cells. EMT is a crucial mechanism for the invasion and metastasis of epithelial tumors characterized by the loss of cell-cell adhesion and increased cell mobility. Our study shows promising clinical potential in utilizing the PC-TIR biosensor imaging system to not only detect prostate cancer cells, but also evaluate prostate cancer progression.",
keywords = "Cancer Diagnosis, Cellular Refractive Index (RI), Label-Free Imaging, Optical Biosensors, Photonic Crystal Biosensor, Prostate Cancer",
author = "Frank Deluna and Xiaofei Ding and Ismael Sagredo and Gilbert Bustamante and Sun, {Lu Zhe} and Ye, {Jing Yong}",
note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2018 SPIE.; Biophysics, Biology and Biophotonics III: The Crossroads 2018 ; Conference date: 28-01-2018 Through 28-01-2018",
year = "2018",
doi = "10.1117/12.2288019",
language = "English (US)",
series = "Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging - Proceedings of SPIE",
publisher = "SPIE",
editor = "Adam Wax and Vadim Backman",
booktitle = "Biophysics, Biology and Biophotonics III",
}