TY - JOUR
T1 - Is recurrence in major depressive disorder related to bipolarity and mixed features? Results from the BRIDGE-II-Mix study
AU - for the BRIDGE-II-Mix Study Group
AU - Mazzarini, Lorenzo
AU - Kotzalidis, Georgios D.
AU - Piacentino, Daria
AU - Rizzato, Salvatore
AU - Angst, Jules
AU - Azorin, Jean Michel
AU - Bowden, Charles L.
AU - Mosolov, Sergey
AU - Young, Allan H.
AU - Vieta, Eduard
AU - Girardi, Paolo
AU - Perugi, Giulio
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2017
Copyright:
Copyright 2019 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2018/3/15
Y1 - 2018/3/15
N2 - Background Current classifications separate Bipolar (BD) from Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) based on polarity rather than recurrence. We aimed to determine bipolar/mixed feature frequency in a large MDD multinational sample with (High-Rec) and without (Low-Rec) >3 recurrences, comparing the two subsamples. Methods We measured frequency of bipolarity/hypomanic features during current depressive episodes (MDEs) in 2347 MDD patients from the BRIDGE-II-mix database, comparing High-Rec with Low-Rec. We used Bonferroni-corrected Student's t-test for continuous, and chi-squared test, for categorical variables. Logistic regression estimated the size of the association between clinical characteristics and High-Rec MDD. Results Compared to Low-Rec (n = 1084, 46.2%), High-Rec patients (n = 1263, 53.8%) were older, with earlier depressive onset, had more family history of BD, more atypical features, suicide attempts, hospitalisations, and treatment resistance and (hypo)manic switches when treated with antidepressants, higher comorbidity with borderline personality disorder, and more hypomanic symptoms during current MDE, resulting in higher rates of mixed depression according to both DSM-5 and research-based diagnostic (RBDC) criteria. Logistic regression showed age at first symptoms < 30 years, current MDE duration ≤ 1 month, hypomania/mania among first-degree relatives, past suicide attempts, treatment-resistance, antidepressant-induced swings, and atypical, mixed, or psychotic features during MDE to associate with High-Rec. Limitations Number of MDEs for defining recurrence was arbitrary; cross-sectionality did not allow assessment of conversion from MDD to BD. Conclusions High-Rec MDD differed from Low-Rec group for several clinical/epidemiological variables, including bipolar/mixed features. Bipolarity specifier and RBDC were more sensitive than DSM-5 criteria in detecting bipolar and mixed features in MDD.
AB - Background Current classifications separate Bipolar (BD) from Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) based on polarity rather than recurrence. We aimed to determine bipolar/mixed feature frequency in a large MDD multinational sample with (High-Rec) and without (Low-Rec) >3 recurrences, comparing the two subsamples. Methods We measured frequency of bipolarity/hypomanic features during current depressive episodes (MDEs) in 2347 MDD patients from the BRIDGE-II-mix database, comparing High-Rec with Low-Rec. We used Bonferroni-corrected Student's t-test for continuous, and chi-squared test, for categorical variables. Logistic regression estimated the size of the association between clinical characteristics and High-Rec MDD. Results Compared to Low-Rec (n = 1084, 46.2%), High-Rec patients (n = 1263, 53.8%) were older, with earlier depressive onset, had more family history of BD, more atypical features, suicide attempts, hospitalisations, and treatment resistance and (hypo)manic switches when treated with antidepressants, higher comorbidity with borderline personality disorder, and more hypomanic symptoms during current MDE, resulting in higher rates of mixed depression according to both DSM-5 and research-based diagnostic (RBDC) criteria. Logistic regression showed age at first symptoms < 30 years, current MDE duration ≤ 1 month, hypomania/mania among first-degree relatives, past suicide attempts, treatment-resistance, antidepressant-induced swings, and atypical, mixed, or psychotic features during MDE to associate with High-Rec. Limitations Number of MDEs for defining recurrence was arbitrary; cross-sectionality did not allow assessment of conversion from MDD to BD. Conclusions High-Rec MDD differed from Low-Rec group for several clinical/epidemiological variables, including bipolar/mixed features. Bipolarity specifier and RBDC were more sensitive than DSM-5 criteria in detecting bipolar and mixed features in MDD.
KW - Cyclicity
KW - Major depressive disorder
KW - Mixed features
KW - Recurrence
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85040003080&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85040003080&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.jad.2017.12.062
DO - 10.1016/j.jad.2017.12.062
M3 - Article
C2 - 29310066
AN - SCOPUS:85040003080
VL - 229
SP - 164
EP - 170
JO - Journal of Affective Disorders
JF - Journal of Affective Disorders
SN - 0165-0327
ER -