Inhibition of Streptococcus mutans, antioxidant property and cytotoxicity of novel nano-zinc oxide varnish

Manali Deb Barma, Indumathy Muthupandiyan, Srinivasan Raj Samuel, Bennett T. Amaechi

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

46 Scopus citations

Abstract

Objective: Zinc is a potent antimicrobial against cariogenic bacteria and effective anti-plaque agent. The present study investigated the efficacy of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NP) varnish to inhibit S. mutans growth, biofilm, acid production, and its antioxidant potential and cytotoxicity. Design: Green synthesized ZnO-NP were characterized using ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Secondary metabolites were assessed using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Anti-oxidant potential was ascertained using 2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl hydrate (DDPH) assay and cytotoxicity of synthesized nanoparticles was evaluated on human liver cancer (Hep G2) and human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK-293T) cell lines. Results: Synthesized ZnO-NP showed excellent antimicrobial properties against S. mutans, as the minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations were 0.53 μg/mL, and 1.3 μg/mL respectively. ZnO-NP at 0.1 mg/μl concentration had the greatest zone of inhibition (24 mm), followed by 0.05 mg/μl ZnO-NP (23 mm) and 0.05 mg/μl ampicillin (21 mm). Further, 0.1 mg/μl ZnO-NP varnish inhibited 90 % of S. mutans biofilms and reduced 24 h acid production closest to that of baseline and it also exhibited antioxidant capacity in a dose dependent manner (94 % inhibition-100 μg/mL). Biocompatibility of ZnO-NP varnish was evaluated on Hep G2 and HEK-293T cell lines; and the highest concentration of 0.1 mg/μl ZnO-NP used caused very low cytotoxicity to Hep G2 cells and was non-cytotoxic to HEK-293T cells. Conclusions: Within the limits of this study, ZnO-NP varnish was effective in inhibiting S. mutans and holds great potential as an effective anticaries agent.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Article number105132
JournalArchives of Oral Biology
Volume126
DOIs
StatePublished - Jun 2021

Keywords

  • Antibiofilm
  • Dental caries
  • Nano-zinc oxide
  • Streptococcus mutans
  • Varnish

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • General Dentistry
  • Cell Biology
  • Otorhinolaryngology

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