Incorporating Patient Assist Mode: The ABBU Experience

Aleksandra B. Gruslova; Nitesh Katta; Andrew G. Cabe; Scott F. Jenney; Jonathan W. Valvano; Tim B. Phillips; Austin B. McElroy; Van N. Truskett; Marc D. Feldman; Thomas E. Milner; Stephen Derdak; Robert K. Lasalle; Aydin Zahedivash; Nishi Viswanathan; Richard Wettstein

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-87978-5_15

Incorporating Patient Assist Mode: The ABBU Experience

Aleksandra B. Gruslova, Nitesh Katta, Andrew G. Cabe, Scott F. Jenney, Jonathan W. Valvano, Tim B. Phillips, Austin B. McElroy, Van N. Truskett, Marc D. Feldman, Thomas E. Milner, Stephen Derdak, Robert K. Lasalle, Aydin Zahedivash, Nishi Viswanathan, Richard Wettstein

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Chapter

Abstract

The Automated Bag Breathing Unit (ABBU) is a low-cost, rapid solution when full-featured ventilators are unavailable. An adult resuscitation bag-valve was interfaced with a lever arm and programmable electric motor and low-flow oxygen source. Output parameters were validated with a Michigan dual-lung simulator followed by animal model testing. ABBU synchronous operation utilizes patient assist algorithm. The algorithm was developed and adjusted during the preliminary pig study. A “true positive” is defined as the patient initiating a breath and ABBU delivered an assist within 160 ms. 80 ms of this delay corresponds to the time it takes the patient to drop their airway pressure, and the other 80 ms is the time for ABBU to detect and move the arm initiating airflow from the bag. In summary, the patient assist algorithm was tested over a wide range of situations, from light anesthesia to heavy distress. Unless there was a disconnect or line suction, ABBU could effectively calculate PEEP. Once there is an accurate PEEP, the operator was able to set the threshold to minimize false positives and false negatives.

Original language	English (US)
Title of host publication	Mechanical Ventilation Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic
Subtitle of host publication	A Guide for Physicians and Engineers
Publisher	Springer International Publishing AG
Pages	153-158
Number of pages	6
ISBN (Electronic)	9783030879778
ISBN (Print)	9783030879778
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87978-5_15
State	Published - Jan 1 2022

Keywords

Automated bag breathing unit
Breath delivery
Emergency ventilator
Patient assist
Patient assist trigger
PEEP
Response window
Synchronous operation
Synchronous ventilation
Testing

ASJC Scopus subject areas

General Engineering
General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
General Medicine

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10.1007/978-3-030-87978-5_15

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Gruslova, A. B., Katta, N., Cabe, A. G., Jenney, S. F., Valvano, J. W., Phillips, T. B., McElroy, A. B., Truskett, V. N., Feldman, M. D., Milner, T. E., Derdak, S., Lasalle, R. K., Zahedivash, A., Viswanathan, N., & Wettstein, R. (2022). Incorporating Patient Assist Mode: The ABBU Experience. In Mechanical Ventilation Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Guide for Physicians and Engineers (pp. 153-158). Springer International Publishing AG. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87978-5_15

Gruslova, AB, Katta, N, Cabe, AG, Jenney, SF, Valvano, JW, Phillips, TB, McElroy, AB, Truskett, VN, Feldman, MD, Milner, TE, Derdak, S, Lasalle, RK, Zahedivash, A, Viswanathan, N & Wettstein, R 2022, Incorporating Patient Assist Mode: The ABBU Experience. in Mechanical Ventilation Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Guide for Physicians and Engineers. Springer International Publishing AG, pp. 153-158. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87978-5_15

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abstract = "The Automated Bag Breathing Unit (ABBU) is a low-cost, rapid solution when full-featured ventilators are unavailable. An adult resuscitation bag-valve was interfaced with a lever arm and programmable electric motor and low-flow oxygen source. Output parameters were validated with a Michigan dual-lung simulator followed by animal model testing. ABBU synchronous operation utilizes patient assist algorithm. The algorithm was developed and adjusted during the preliminary pig study. A “true positive” is defined as the patient initiating a breath and ABBU delivered an assist within 160 ms. 80 ms of this delay corresponds to the time it takes the patient to drop their airway pressure, and the other 80 ms is the time for ABBU to detect and move the arm initiating airflow from the bag. In summary, the patient assist algorithm was tested over a wide range of situations, from light anesthesia to heavy distress. Unless there was a disconnect or line suction, ABBU could effectively calculate PEEP. Once there is an accurate PEEP, the operator was able to set the threshold to minimize false positives and false negatives.",

keywords = "Automated bag breathing unit, Breath delivery, Emergency ventilator, Patient assist, Patient assist trigger, PEEP, Response window, Synchronous operation, Synchronous ventilation, Testing",

author = "Gruslova, {Aleksandra B.} and Nitesh Katta and Cabe, {Andrew G.} and Jenney, {Scott F.} and Valvano, {Jonathan W.} and Phillips, {Tim B.} and McElroy, {Austin B.} and Truskett, {Van N.} and Feldman, {Marc D.} and Milner, {Thomas E.} and Stephen Derdak and Lasalle, {Robert K.} and Aydin Zahedivash and Nishi Viswanathan and Richard Wettstein",

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doi = "10.1007/978-3-030-87978-5_15",

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T2 - The ABBU Experience

AU - Gruslova, Aleksandra B.

AU - Katta, Nitesh

AU - Cabe, Andrew G.

AU - Jenney, Scott F.

AU - Valvano, Jonathan W.

AU - Phillips, Tim B.

AU - McElroy, Austin B.

AU - Truskett, Van N.

AU - Feldman, Marc D.

AU - Milner, Thomas E.

AU - Derdak, Stephen

AU - Lasalle, Robert K.

AU - Zahedivash, Aydin

AU - Viswanathan, Nishi

AU - Wettstein, Richard

N1 - Publisher Copyright: © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022.

PY - 2022/1/1

Y1 - 2022/1/1

N2 - The Automated Bag Breathing Unit (ABBU) is a low-cost, rapid solution when full-featured ventilators are unavailable. An adult resuscitation bag-valve was interfaced with a lever arm and programmable electric motor and low-flow oxygen source. Output parameters were validated with a Michigan dual-lung simulator followed by animal model testing. ABBU synchronous operation utilizes patient assist algorithm. The algorithm was developed and adjusted during the preliminary pig study. A “true positive” is defined as the patient initiating a breath and ABBU delivered an assist within 160 ms. 80 ms of this delay corresponds to the time it takes the patient to drop their airway pressure, and the other 80 ms is the time for ABBU to detect and move the arm initiating airflow from the bag. In summary, the patient assist algorithm was tested over a wide range of situations, from light anesthesia to heavy distress. Unless there was a disconnect or line suction, ABBU could effectively calculate PEEP. Once there is an accurate PEEP, the operator was able to set the threshold to minimize false positives and false negatives.

AB - The Automated Bag Breathing Unit (ABBU) is a low-cost, rapid solution when full-featured ventilators are unavailable. An adult resuscitation bag-valve was interfaced with a lever arm and programmable electric motor and low-flow oxygen source. Output parameters were validated with a Michigan dual-lung simulator followed by animal model testing. ABBU synchronous operation utilizes patient assist algorithm. The algorithm was developed and adjusted during the preliminary pig study. A “true positive” is defined as the patient initiating a breath and ABBU delivered an assist within 160 ms. 80 ms of this delay corresponds to the time it takes the patient to drop their airway pressure, and the other 80 ms is the time for ABBU to detect and move the arm initiating airflow from the bag. In summary, the patient assist algorithm was tested over a wide range of situations, from light anesthesia to heavy distress. Unless there was a disconnect or line suction, ABBU could effectively calculate PEEP. Once there is an accurate PEEP, the operator was able to set the threshold to minimize false positives and false negatives.

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KW - Patient assist trigger

KW - PEEP

KW - Response window

KW - Synchronous operation

KW - Synchronous ventilation

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ER -

Incorporating Patient Assist Mode: The ABBU Experience

Abstract

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

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