@article{e9e031d3330d49e8b7eb3434171a3368,
title = "Implantable Cardiac Kirigami-Inspired Lead-Based Energy Harvester Fabricated by Enhanced Piezoelectric Composite Film",
abstract = "Harvesting biomechanical energy to power implantable electronics such as pacemakers has been attracting great attention in recent years because it replaces conventional batteries and provides a sustainable energy solution. However, current energy harvesting technologies that directly interact with internal organs often lack flexibility and conformability, and they usually require additional implantation surgeries that impose extra burden to patients. To address this issue, here a Kirigami inspired energy harvester, seamlessly incorporated into the pacemaker lead using piezoelectric composite films is reported, which not only possesses great flexibility but also requires no additional implantation surgeries. This lead-based device allows for harvesting energy from the complex motion of the lead caused by the expansion-contraction of the heart. The device's Kirigami pattern has been designed and optimized to attain greatly improved flexibility which is validated via finite element method (FEM) simulations, mechanical tensile tests, and energy output tests where the device shows a power output of 2.4 µW. Finally, an in vivo test using a porcine model reveals that the device can be implanted into the heart straightforwardly and generates voltages up to ≈0.7 V. This work offers a new strategy for designing flexible energy harvesters that power implantable electronics.",
keywords = "Kirigami, cardiac energy, composites, energy harvesting, implantable materials, piezoelectric films",
author = "Zhe Xu and Congran Jin and Andrew Cabe and Danny Escobedo and Aleksandra Gruslova and Scott Jenney and Closson, {Andrew B.} and Lin Dong and Zi Chen and Feldman, {Marc D.} and Zhang, {John X.J.}",
note = "Funding Information: Z.X. and C.J. contributed equally to this work. The authors acknowledge the financial support from the National Institute of Health (NIH) Director's Transformative Research Award (R01HL137157, PI: J.Z.), National Science Foundation award (ECCS1509369, PI: J.Z.), and the startup fund from the Thayer School of Engineering at Dartmouth. Z.C. also acknowledges the support from the Branco Weiss?Society in Science fellowship, administered by ETH Z?rich. All authors appreciate the BIOTRONIK SE & Co. KG for providing Solis pacemaker leads. The authors thank veterinarian, Dr. James Elliott, from Veterinary Laboratory Animals Resources in UTHSCSA who conducted the animal experiments. Funding Information: Z.X. and C.J. contributed equally to this work. The authors acknowledge the financial support from the National Institute of Health (NIH) Director's Transformative Research Award (R01HL137157, PI: J.Z.), National Science Foundation award (ECCS1509369, PI: J.Z.), and the startup fund from the Thayer School of Engineering at Dartmouth. Z.C. also acknowledges the support from the Branco Weiss—Society in Science fellowship, administered by ETH Z{\"u}rich. All authors appreciate the BIOTRONIK SE & Co. KG for providing Solis pacemaker leads. The authors thank veterinarian, Dr. James Elliott, from Veterinary Laboratory Animals Resources in UTHSCSA who conducted the animal experiments. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 Wiley-VCH GmbH",
year = "2021",
month = apr,
day = "21",
doi = "10.1002/adhm.202002100",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "10",
journal = "Advanced healthcare materials",
issn = "2192-2640",
publisher = "John Wiley and Sons Ltd",
number = "8",
}