Hyperglycemia during childhood cancer therapy: Incidence, implications, and impact on outcomes

Hyperglycemia is a known complication of therapies used in the treatment of childhood cancer, particularly glucocorticoids and asparaginase. It has been linked to increased infection and reduced survival. With more limited data on hyperglycemia during childhood cancer treatment compared with adult cancer, impact on outcomes is less clear in this population. As additional glycemic-altering cancer agents including immune checkpoint inhibitors and targeted therapies make their way into pediatric cancer treatment, there is a more pressing need to better understand the mechanisms, risk factors, and adverse effects of hyperglycemia on the child with cancer. Thus, we utilized a systematic approach to review the current understanding of the incidence, implications, and outcomes of hyperglycemia during childhood cancer therapy.