Heritability and correlates of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in the Framingham Offspring Study

Objectives We sought to determine the clinical factors and heritability associated with inflammation measured as circulating levels of soluble-intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) in a community-based cohort. Background Several prospective studies indicate that circulating sICAM-1 is predictive of future cardiovascular events. However, in some studies this predictive value is lost after multivariable adjustment for traditional cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. We addressed the heritability of sICAM-1 and its relation to CVD risk factors in a community-based cohort. Methods We examined 3,295 subjects from the Framingham Heart Study and measured sICAM-1 levels. We then used linear and stepwise multivariable regression to determine predictors or sICAM-1 levels. Results In age- and gender-adjusted regression models, increased sICAM-1 levels were positively associated with age, total/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), blood glucose, diabetes, smoking, and prevalent CVD. In stepwise multivariable regression models, sICAM-1 levels remained associated with age, female gender, total/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, BMI, blood glucose, smoking, and prevalent CVD. The residual heritability of sICAM-1 was 24%. Conclusions In addition to prevalent CVD, established CVD risk factors and non-traditional ones such as BMI were associated with systemic inflammation as determined by sICAM-1 levels. There also is significant heritability of sICAM-1, which suggests a genetic component to systemic inflammation.