Grazoprevir, Elbasvir, and Ribavirin for Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Genotype 1 Infection after Failure of Pegylated Interferon and Ribavirin with an Earlier-Generation Protease Inhibitor: Final 24-Week Results from C-SALVAGE

Maria Buti, Stuart C. Gordon, Eli Zuckerman, Eric Lawitz, Jose L. Calleja, Harald Hofer, Christopher Gilbert, John Palcza, Anita Y.M. Howe, Mark J. Dinubile, Michael N. Robertson, Janice Wahl, Eliav Barr, Xavier Forns

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

86 Scopus citations

Abstract

Background.The phase 2 C-SALVAGE study (Hepatitis C-Salvage Study for Patients who Failed DAA/PR Therapy) demonstrated a 96.2% sustained virologic response at 12 weeks (SVR12) rate using the NS3/4A protease inhibitor grazoprevir and the NS5A inhibitor elbasvir together with ribavirin in treatment-experienced patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1 infection. Methods.C-SALVAGE was a prospective open-label trial of grazoprevir 100 mg once daily and elbasvir 50 mg once daily coadministered with weight-based ribavirin twice daily for 12 weeks in genotype 1-infected cirrhotic and noncirrhotic patients who had failed treatment with ≥4 weeks of pegylated interferon and ribavirin plus either boceprevir, telaprevir, or simeprevir. Although the primary efficacy outcome was SVR12, patients were also evaluated 24 weeks after cessation of study therapy. Population sequencing was performed at baseline and periodically in virologic failures throughout the 24-week posttherapy follow-up period. Results.SVR24 rates were 76 of 79 (96.2%) overall, with all 3 relapses occurring by posttherapy week 8. Every NS3 and NS5A variant detected at baseline reappeared at the time of relapse and persisted throughout the available follow-up period. NS3-A156T emerged in virus from each patient at relapse, but rapidly disappeared over the ensuing 2 weeks in 2 patients. NS5A-Y93H emerged in virus from 2 patients at relapse and persisted for the entire follow-up period. Conclusions.Grazoprevir and elbasvir with ribavirin for 12 weeks maintained HCV suppression for at least 24 weeks posttherapy without late relapses. Baseline resistance-associated variants (RAVs) stably reappeared at relapse in all 3 patients with virologic failure. NS5A-RAVs emerging at relapse persisted for the full 24-week follow-up period. If confirmed, this finding could complicate retreatment of the small number of patients failing regimens containing an NS5A inhibitor. Clinical Trials Registration.NCT02105454.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)32-36
Number of pages5
JournalClinical Infectious Diseases
Volume62
Issue number1
DOIs
StatePublished - Jan 1 2016
Externally publishedYes

Keywords

  • C-SALVAGE
  • elbasvir
  • genotype 1
  • grazoprevir
  • resistance-associated variants (RAVs)

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Microbiology (medical)
  • Infectious Diseases

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