Glomerular epithelium: Structural alterations induced by polycations

Perfusion of rat kidneys with the polycation protamine sulfate caused glomerular epithelial alterations resembling those observed in human and experimental nephrotic states. The changes included swelling, blunting, and flattening of epithelial foot processes, were accompanied by decreased stainability of glomerular anionic sites, and were largely reversed by subsequent perfusion with the polyanion heparin.