@article{c2079e7c7984467eb8f923852b5a0d42,
title = "Fungal infections in animals: A patchwork of different situations",
abstract = "The importance of fungal infections in both human and animals has increased over the last decades. This article represents an overview of the different categories of fungal infections that can be encountered in animals originating from environmental sources without transmission to humans. In addition, the endemic infections with indirect transmission from the environment, the zoophilic fungal pathogens with near-direct transmission, the zoonotic fungi that can be directly transmitted from animals to humans, mycotoxicoses and antifungal resistance in animals will also be discussed. Opportunistic mycoses are responsible for a wide range of diseases from localized infections to fatal disseminated diseases, such as aspergillosis, mucormycosis, candidiasis, cryptococcosis and infections caused by melanized fungi. The amphibian fungal disease chytridiomycosis and the Bat White-nose syndrome are due to obligatory fungal pathogens. Zoonotic agents are naturally transmitted from vertebrate animals to humans and vice versa. The list of zoonotic fungal agents is limited but some species, like Microsporum canis and Sporothrix brasiliensis from cats, have a strong public health impact. Mycotoxins are defined as the chemicals of fungal origin being toxic for warm-blooded vertebrates. Intoxications by aflatoxins and ochratoxins represent a threat for both human and animal health. Resistance to antifungals can occur in different animal species that receive these drugs, although the true epidemiology of resistance in animals is unknown, and options to treat infections caused by resistant infections are limited.",
keywords = "Opportunistic fungi, antifungal resistance, mycoses in animals, mycotoxicoses, pathogenic fungi, veterinary mycology, zoonoses, zoophilic fungi",
author = "Seyedmojtaba Seyedmousavi and Sandra Bosco and {De Hoog}, Sybren and Frank Ebel and Daniel Elad and Gomes, {Renata R.} and Jacobsen, {Ilse D.} and An Martel and Bernard Mignon and Frank Pasmans and Elena Pieckov{\'a} and Rodrigues, {Anderson Messias} and Karuna Singh and Vicente, {Vania A.} and Gudrun Wibbelt and Wiederhold, {Nathan P.} and Jacques Guillot",
note = "Funding Information: 1Molecular Microbiology Section, Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology (LCMI), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA, 2Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biosciences-UNESP Univ Estadual Paulista Botucatu, S{\~a}o Paulo, Brazil, 3Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, and Center of Expertise in Mycology of Radboudumc/CWZ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands, 4Institut f{\"u}r Infektionsmedizin und Zoonosen, Munich, Germany, 5Department of Clinical Bacteriology and Mycology, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Veterinary Services, Ministry of Agriculture, Beit Dagan, Israel, 6Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology Graduate Programme, Curitiba Department of Basic Pathology, Federal University of Paran{\'a}, Curitiba, Brazil, 7Research Group Microbial Immunology, Hans Kn{\"o}ll Institute, Jena, Germany, 8Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium, 9Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, FARAH (Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health), University of Li{\`e}ge, Li{\`e}ge, Belgium, 10Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Bratislava, Slovakia, 11Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of S{\~a}o Paulo, S{\~a}o Paulo, Brazil, 12Department of Zoology, Mahila Ma-havidyalaya, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India, 13Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany, 14Fungus Testing Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA and 15Department of Parasitology, Mycology and Dermatology, EA Dynamyc UPEC, EnvA, Ecole nationale v{\'e}t{\'e}rinaire d{\textquoteright}Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France Funding Information: The work of Seyedmojtaba Seyedmousavi was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, NIAID. All other authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and the writing of the paper. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The International Society for Human and Animal Mycology 2017.",
year = "2018",
month = apr,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1093/mmy/myx104",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "56",
pages = "S165--S187",
journal = "Medical mycology",
issn = "1369-3786",
publisher = "Informa Healthcare",
}