TY - JOUR
T1 - Formula feeding potentiates docosahexaenoic and arachidonic acid biosynthesis in term and preterm baboon neonates
AU - Sarkadi-Nagy, Eszter
AU - Wijendran, Vasuki
AU - Diau, Guan Yeu
AU - Chao, Angela Chueh
AU - Hsieh, Andrea T.
AU - Turpeinen, Anu
AU - Lawrence, Peter
AU - Nathanielsz, Peter W.
AU - Brenna, J. Thomas
N1 - Copyright:
Copyright 2008 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2004/1
Y1 - 2004/1
N2 - Infant formulas supplemented with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (ARA) are now available in the United States; however, little is known about the factors that affect biosynthesis. Baboon neonates were assigned to one of four treatments: term, breast-fed; term, formula-fed; preterm (155 of 182 days gestation), formula-fed; and preterm, formula+DHA/ARA-fed. Standard formula had no DHA/ARA; supplemented formula had 0.61%wt DHA (0.3% of calories) and 1.21%wt ARA (0.6% of calories), and baboon breast milk contained 0.68 ± 0.22%wt DHA and 0.62 ± 0.12%wt ARA. At 14 days adjusted age, neonates received a combined oral dose of [U- 13C]α-linolenic acid (LNA*) and [U- 13C]linoleic acid (LA*), and tissues were analyzed 14 days after dose. Brain accretion of linolenic acid-derived DHA was ∼3-fold greater for the formula groups than for the breast-fed group, and dietary DHA partially attenuated excess DHA synthesis among preterms. A similar, significant pattern was found in other organs. Brain linoleic acid-derived ARA accretion was significantly greater in the unsupplemented term group but not in the preterm groups compared with the breast-fed group. These data show that formula potentiates the biosynthesis/accretion of DHA/ARA in term and preterm neonates compared with breast-fed neonates and that the inclusion of DHA/ARA in preterm formula partially restores DHA/ARA biosynthesis to lower, breast-fed levels. Current formula DHA concentrations are inadequate to normalize long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids synthesis to that of breast-fed levels.
AB - Infant formulas supplemented with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (ARA) are now available in the United States; however, little is known about the factors that affect biosynthesis. Baboon neonates were assigned to one of four treatments: term, breast-fed; term, formula-fed; preterm (155 of 182 days gestation), formula-fed; and preterm, formula+DHA/ARA-fed. Standard formula had no DHA/ARA; supplemented formula had 0.61%wt DHA (0.3% of calories) and 1.21%wt ARA (0.6% of calories), and baboon breast milk contained 0.68 ± 0.22%wt DHA and 0.62 ± 0.12%wt ARA. At 14 days adjusted age, neonates received a combined oral dose of [U- 13C]α-linolenic acid (LNA*) and [U- 13C]linoleic acid (LA*), and tissues were analyzed 14 days after dose. Brain accretion of linolenic acid-derived DHA was ∼3-fold greater for the formula groups than for the breast-fed group, and dietary DHA partially attenuated excess DHA synthesis among preterms. A similar, significant pattern was found in other organs. Brain linoleic acid-derived ARA accretion was significantly greater in the unsupplemented term group but not in the preterm groups compared with the breast-fed group. These data show that formula potentiates the biosynthesis/accretion of DHA/ARA in term and preterm neonates compared with breast-fed neonates and that the inclusion of DHA/ARA in preterm formula partially restores DHA/ARA biosynthesis to lower, breast-fed levels. Current formula DHA concentrations are inadequate to normalize long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids synthesis to that of breast-fed levels.
KW - Isotope ratio mass spectrometry
KW - Stable isotope tracers
KW - n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids
KW - n-6 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0842347861&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=0842347861&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1194/jlr.M300106-JLR200
DO - 10.1194/jlr.M300106-JLR200
M3 - Article
C2 - 14523049
AN - SCOPUS:0842347861
VL - 45
SP - 71
EP - 80
JO - Journal of Lipid Research
JF - Journal of Lipid Research
SN - 0022-2275
IS - 1
ER -