TY - JOUR
T1 - FIXED‐RATIO ESCAPE AND AVOIDANCE‐ESCAPE FROM NALOXONE IN MORPHINE‐DEPENDENT MONKEYS
T2 - EFFECTS OF NALOXONE DOSE AND MORPHINE PRETREATMENT
AU - Downs, David A.
AU - Woods, James H.
N1 - Copyright:
Copyright 2016 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 1975/5
Y1 - 1975/5
N2 - Lever pressing by rhesus monkeys was maintained by morphine injections during four equally spaced sessions each day. During other periods, lever pressing was maintained by timeout from a continuous naloxone infusion (escape), or by timeout from a stimulus that preceded naloxone injections, or termination of the injections (avoidance‐escape). As naloxone dose increased in the escape procedure, response rate increased to a maximum and then decreased. In the avoidance‐escape procedure, response rate generally increased as naloxone dose increased, but the changes in rate were small compared to the escape procedure. Substitution of saline for naloxone in the escape procedure led to very low response rates within three sessions. In the avoidance‐escape procedure, rate decrements produced by saline substitution appeared to be related to the behavioral history of the monkey. Previous escape experience led to more rapid decreases in responding when saline was introduced, whereas responding was maintained for 15 sessions in a monkey without prior escape conditioning. Morphine pretreatment produced comparable, dose‐dependent decreases in response rates in both procedures. The rate‐decreasing effects of morphine were exacerbated when no naloxone was delivered in the escape procedure. 1975 Society for the Experimental Analysis of Behavior
AB - Lever pressing by rhesus monkeys was maintained by morphine injections during four equally spaced sessions each day. During other periods, lever pressing was maintained by timeout from a continuous naloxone infusion (escape), or by timeout from a stimulus that preceded naloxone injections, or termination of the injections (avoidance‐escape). As naloxone dose increased in the escape procedure, response rate increased to a maximum and then decreased. In the avoidance‐escape procedure, response rate generally increased as naloxone dose increased, but the changes in rate were small compared to the escape procedure. Substitution of saline for naloxone in the escape procedure led to very low response rates within three sessions. In the avoidance‐escape procedure, rate decrements produced by saline substitution appeared to be related to the behavioral history of the monkey. Previous escape experience led to more rapid decreases in responding when saline was introduced, whereas responding was maintained for 15 sessions in a monkey without prior escape conditioning. Morphine pretreatment produced comparable, dose‐dependent decreases in response rates in both procedures. The rate‐decreasing effects of morphine were exacerbated when no naloxone was delivered in the escape procedure. 1975 Society for the Experimental Analysis of Behavior
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U2 - 10.1901/jeab.1975.23-415
DO - 10.1901/jeab.1975.23-415
M3 - Article
C2 - 1170272
AN - SCOPUS:0016790160
VL - 23
SP - 415
EP - 427
JO - Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior
JF - Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior
SN - 0022-5002
IS - 3
ER -