Factor Structure of the Impact of Events Scale-Revised in Latin American Young Adults

Objective: More than 550 million people speak Spanish and, yet, psychometric data on psychological instruments in Spanish lags. Given evidence of significant traumatic exposure and distress among Spanish speakers, the aim of the current study was to examine the factor structure of the Impact of Events Scale-Revised (IES-R), in a large sample of Spanish-speaking adults. Method: Participants (n= 725) were university students living in Latin America (M=21.02; SD= 3.12). Most were born in Mexico (77.6%) and the next largest subgroup was from Ecuador (18.9%). Respondents completed the 22-item IES-R. Results: The IES-R mean score was 20.08 (SD= 21.34) and 26.6% of the sample met the cutoff score for clinically significant symptoms. Regarding factor structure, eight different factor structures that have demonstrated a good fit in the extant literaturewere examined. The one-factor model demonstrated an acceptable fit, χ²(209)= 839.13, p,.0001; root-mean-square error (RMSEA)= 0.06, 95% confidence interval (CI) [0.06, 0.07]; comparative fit index (CFI)= 0.91, Tucker–Lewis index (TLI)= 0.90. The two-factor model demonstrated good fit, χ2(208)=746.70, p,.0001; RMSEA=0.06, 95% CI [0.05, 0.06]; CFI= 0.92, TLI=0.91, and nested model comparisons of the two-factor and one-factor models using the chi-square difference test supported the two-factor model. Conclusions: Themost parsimonious of the multifactormodels, a two-factor model with Avoidance symptoms as one factor and Intrusions and Hyperarousal combined into a second may be of greatest use for this particular version of the IES-R. The current research demonstrates strong psychometric support for Intrusion/Hyperarousal and Avoidance subscales when measuring traumatic stress in Spanish speakers and underscores the need for culturally and contextually sensitive assessment in this population, in which posttraumatic stress is prevalent.