@article{bc822bd0e5fe4cbdb85b7dff162eabcf,
title = "Evaluation of the anti-SARS-CoV-2 properties of essential oils and aromatic extracts",
abstract = "Essential oils and aromatic extracts (oleoresins, absolutes, concretes, resinoids) are often used as food flavorings and constituents of fragrance compositions. The flavor and fragrance industry observed significant growth in the sales of some natural materials during the COVID-19 outbreak. Some companies worldwide are making false claims regarding the effectiveness of their essential oils or blends (or indirectly point toward this conclusion) against coronaviruses, even though the available data on the activity of plant materials against highly pathogenic human coronaviruses are very scarce. Our exploratory study aimed to develop pioneering knowledge and provide the first experimental results on the inhibitory properties of hundreds of flavor and fragrance materials against SARS-CoV-2 main and papain-like proteases and the antiviral potential of the most active protease inhibitors. As essential oils are volatile products, they could provide an interesting therapeutic strategy for subsidiary inhalation in the long term.",
author = "Strub, {Daniel Jan} and Micha{\l} Talma and Maria Strub and Wioletta Rut and Mikolaj Zmudzinski and W{\l}adys{\l}aw Brud and Johan Neyts and Laura Vangeel and Linlin Zhang and Xinyuanyuan Sun and Zongyang Lv and Digant Nayak and Olsen, {Shaun K.} and Rolf Hilgenfeld and Dirk Jochmans and Marcin Dr{\c a}g",
note = "Funding Information: D.J.S. was supported by the project “Synthesis of new fragrances from raw materials of a natural origin with application in perfumery, cosmetics, and household chemistry” (SYNFRA; LIDER Programme, LIDER/4/0099/L-7/15/NCBR/2016) financed by the National Centre for Research and Development—Poland; M.D. was supported by the Medical Research Agency in Poland through its Own Project (grant 2020/ABM/SARS/1), by the National Science Center grant UMO-2020/01/0/NZ1/00063, and the “TEAM/2017-4/32” project, which is carried out within the TEAM program of the Foundation for Polish Science, co-financed by the European Union under the European Regional Development Fund. The authors acknowledge Schr{\"o}dinger, Inc., an American multinational biopharmaceutical and technology company, for providing a trial license. Discovery Studio Visualizer was used for the preparation of the figures. We would like to express our gratitude to the International Federation of Essential Oils and Aroma Trades (IFEAT), IFEAT President Mr. Alastair Hitchen, IFEAT Chairman of Executive Committee Mr. Hussein Fakhry, IFEAT Chair of the Scientific Committee & New Industry Projects Task Leader Mr. Alain Frix, and IFEAT Chief Scientific Officer Dr. Jonatan Bonello for networking support and fruitful discussions regarding various aspects of the essential oils industry. We would like to thank representatives of the essential oils industry and IFEAT Members: A. Fakhry & Co., Albert Vieille, Amigo & Arditi, Ashna Samai, Berje Inc., Bordas S.A., BoreA Canada, Br{\"u}der Unterweger, Christodoulou Bros S.A., Citrus and Allied Essences Ltd, D.V. Deo Industries, Dutjahn Sandalwood Oils, Essential Oils and Herbs, Essential Oils of Tasmania, Eucaforest, Hierbas Patag{\'o}nicas S.R. L, Kallin ltd, Jacarandas International, Mane Kancor Ingredients Private Limited, Lebermuth, Les Ar{\^o}mes du Maroc, Lluch Essence, Metainy, Nelixia, New Zealand Mānuka Group, Payan Bertrand S.A., Plant{\textquoteright}s Power, Van Aroma, Robertet S.A., Ultra International, and Vessel Essential Oils for the donation of most of the samples of natural flavor and fragrance materials for this study. Funding Information: D.J.S. was supported by the project “Synthesis of new fragrances from raw materials of a natural origin with application in perfumery, cosmetics, and household chemistry” (SYNFRA; LIDER Programme, LIDER/4/0099/L-7/15/NCBR/2016) financed by the National Centre for Research and Development—Poland; M.D. was supported by the Medical Research Agency in Poland through its Own Project (grant 2020/ABM/SARS/1), by the National Science Center grant UMO-2020/01/0/NZ1/00063, and the “TEAM/2017-4/32” project, which is carried out within the TEAM program of the Foundation for Polish Science, co-financed by the European Union under the European Regional Development Fund. The authors acknowledge Schr{\"o}dinger, Inc., an American multinational biopharmaceutical and technology company, for providing a trial license. Discovery Studio Visualizer was used for the preparation of the figures. We would like to express our gratitude to the International Federation of Essential Oils and Aroma Trades (IFEAT), IFEAT President Mr. Alastair Hitchen, IFEAT Chairman of Executive Committee Mr. Hussein Fakhry, IFEAT Chair of the Scientific Committee & New Industry Projects Task Leader Mr. Alain Frix, and IFEAT Chief Scientific Officer Dr. Jonatan Bonello for networking support and fruitful discussions regarding various aspects of the essential oils industry. We would like to thank representatives of the essential oils industry and IFEAT Members: A. Fakhry & Co., Albert Vieille, Amigo & Arditi, Ashna Samai, Berje Inc., Bordas S.A., BoreA Canada, Br{\"u}der Unterweger, Christodoulou Bros S.A., Citrus and Allied Essences Ltd, D.V. Deo Industries, Dutjahn Sandalwood Oils, Essential Oils and Herbs, Essential Oils of Tasmania, Eucaforest, Hierbas Patag{\'o}nicas S.R. L, Kallin ltd, Jacarandas International, Mane Kancor Ingredients Private Limited, Lebermuth, Les Ar{\^o}mes du Maroc, Lluch Essence, Metainy, Nelixia, New Zealand Mānuka Group, Payan Bertrand S.A., Plant{\textquoteright}s Power, Van Aroma, Robertet S.A., Ultra International, and Vessel Essential Oils for the donation of most of the samples of natural flavor and fragrance materials for this study. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022, The Author(s).",
year = "2022",
month = dec,
doi = "10.1038/s41598-022-18676-w",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "12",
journal = "Scientific reports",
issn = "2045-2322",
publisher = "Nature Publishing Group",
number = "1",
}