TY - JOUR
T1 - Evaluating the protective effects of melatonin on di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate-induced testicular injury in adult mice
AU - Bahrami, Nosrat
AU - Goudarzi, Mehdi
AU - Hosseinzadeh, Azam
AU - Sabbagh, Susan
AU - Reiter, Russel J.
AU - Mehrzadi, Saeed
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 Elsevier Masson SAS
PY - 2018/12
Y1 - 2018/12
N2 - Objective: Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a common phthalate derivative, interfering with normal function of reproductive system. The present study evaluated effects of melatonin on DEHP-induced testicular injury in mice. Design: Thirty-two adult male mice were randomly divided to four groups; group I received normal saline, group II received DEHP, group III received DEHP and melatonin, and group IV was treated with melatonin alone. Body and testes weights, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), glutathione level and superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase activities were measured. Serum testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) concentration were evaluated by ELISA assay. Also, malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) levels, sperm characteristics and histological changes of testes were analyzed. Results: Body and testes weights were decreased in DEHP group. DEHP also reduced the number of spermatogonia, primary spermatocyte and sertoli cells as well as sperm vitality and progressive motility; these toxic effects were associated with alterations in serum hormone levels. Melatonin remarkably inhibited DEHP-induced reduction of body weight and antioxidant capacity. Melatonin reduced DEHP-induced elevation of NO, MDA, IL-1β and TNF-α levels. Melatonin improved DEHP-induced changes in hormonal levels, number of sertoli cells, spermatogonia, and sperm viability and motility. Conclusion: Melatonin considerably inhibits DEHP-induced gonadotoxicity through reducing oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. These results suggest that melatonin may be considered as a promising agent to reduce toxic effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals such as DEHP on the male reproductive system.
AB - Objective: Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a common phthalate derivative, interfering with normal function of reproductive system. The present study evaluated effects of melatonin on DEHP-induced testicular injury in mice. Design: Thirty-two adult male mice were randomly divided to four groups; group I received normal saline, group II received DEHP, group III received DEHP and melatonin, and group IV was treated with melatonin alone. Body and testes weights, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), glutathione level and superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase activities were measured. Serum testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) concentration were evaluated by ELISA assay. Also, malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) levels, sperm characteristics and histological changes of testes were analyzed. Results: Body and testes weights were decreased in DEHP group. DEHP also reduced the number of spermatogonia, primary spermatocyte and sertoli cells as well as sperm vitality and progressive motility; these toxic effects were associated with alterations in serum hormone levels. Melatonin remarkably inhibited DEHP-induced reduction of body weight and antioxidant capacity. Melatonin reduced DEHP-induced elevation of NO, MDA, IL-1β and TNF-α levels. Melatonin improved DEHP-induced changes in hormonal levels, number of sertoli cells, spermatogonia, and sperm viability and motility. Conclusion: Melatonin considerably inhibits DEHP-induced gonadotoxicity through reducing oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. These results suggest that melatonin may be considered as a promising agent to reduce toxic effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals such as DEHP on the male reproductive system.
KW - Inflammation
KW - Melatonin, Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
KW - Oxidative stress
KW - Testes
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U2 - 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.09.044
DO - 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.09.044
M3 - Article
C2 - 30243084
AN - SCOPUS:85053437081
SN - 0753-3322
VL - 108
SP - 515
EP - 523
JO - Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy
JF - Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy
ER -