Electrofisiología, mecanismos moleculares y ‘-ómicas’ de la fibrilación atrial bases para una medicina personalizada

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common arrhythmia, with a prevalence increases with aging. Its perpetuation is a determining factor in the occurrence of cardiovascular events, generating a great number of complications and mortality. Several conditions contribute to progressive changes of atrium electrophysiology, including three components: electrical (ion channels function, Ca2+ homeostasis), structural (hypertrophy and tissue fibrosis) and gap junctions. These may trigger events that initiate the arrhythmia, promote its perpetuation; also they determine an increase in spontaneous ectopic activity and generation of reentry. Recently, numerous genomic studies have identified hotspots with increased susceptibility to AF, and linkage analyses have uncovered unique monogenic and deleterious mutations. This review deeply focuses on the molecular mechanisms of AF; exploring the relationship between clinical-epidemiological, genomics and electropathophysiology aspects. Relevantly, how cardiac states, extracardiac factors, and abnormal gene expression result in this arrhythmia. We conclude with a discussion of the potential therapeutic repercussions that might lead to personalized treatment in the XXI century.