@article{d9f523e99df742c4bfccb2e09173b7d8,
title = "Electroencephalographic sleep measures in prepubertal depression",
abstract = "Two nights of electroencephalographic (EEG) sleep recording were performed in a group of prepubertal subjects with major depressive disorder (MDD) (n = 36, mean age = 10.4, SD = 1.5) and age-matched normal control children (n = 18, mean age = 10.1, SD = 1.6). All subjects were medically healthy and free of medications at the time of the study. There were no significant group differences for any major sleep variable after the initial adaptation night in this study. One subgroup of MDD subjects (n = 8) showed reduced REM latency on both recording nights, decreased stage 4 sleep, and increased REM time; this subgroup had significantly higher severity scores for depression but did not otherwise appear to be clinically distinct from the rest of the MDD subjects. Overall, the results indicate that the EEG sleep changes associated with depression in adults occurred less frequently in prepubertal MDD subjects.",
keywords = "Depression, prepubertal, psychobiology, rapid eye movement latency, sleep",
author = "Dahl, {Ronald E.} and Ryan, {Neal D.} and Boris Birmaher and Mayadah Al-Shabbout and Williamson, {Douglas E.} and Martin Neidig and Beverly Nelson and Joaquim Puig-Antich",
note = "Funding Information: Acknowledgments. We thank Dory Adams, Steve Cunningham, Leona Hudacsek-Fisher, Sherry Kahle, Mary Matty, Frank McSorley, Greg Roby, Amy Strenio, Laura Trubnick, and Marci Zsamboky for their patient and skillful management of the children in this study, as well as their technical assistance. We also thank Charles F. Reynolds, 111,M .D., for numerous helpful suggestions, and Deborah Small for help with manuscript preparation. This work was supported by a grant from the National Institute of Mental Health (MH-41712) to Dr. Puig-Antich and colleagues, with additional support being contributed by NIMH R29MH-4651 0 to Dr. Dahl, and MH-30915 (Clinical Research Center). Most of the subjects in this report were studied before Dr. Puig-Antich{\textquoteright}s untimely death in December 1989.T he analysis and interpretation were completed after his death. This article is dedicated to his memory.",
year = "1991",
month = aug,
doi = "10.1016/0165-1781(91)90045-Q",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "38",
pages = "201--214",
journal = "Psychiatry Research",
issn = "0165-1781",
publisher = "Elsevier Ireland Ltd",
number = "2",
}