@article{f1cc51fedd5d4df88322fff58f41c305,
title = "Effects of intracellular lithium on epinephrine-induced accumulation of cyclic AMP in skeletal muscle",
abstract = "The effects of lithium and of magnesium ions on adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) accumulation in isolated rat hemidiaphragms were investigated. Magnesium ions caused a small but significant increase in the basal concentration of cyclic AMP, whereas lithium ions had no effect. However, pretreatment of tissues with LiCl caused a significant dose-dependent reduction in the effect of epinephrine on the concentration of cyclic AMP. Magnesium ions enhanced the rise in tissue cyclic AMP caused by epinephrine, but this stimulatory effect of magnesium ions was reduced in tissues that had been pretreated with LiCl. It was concluded that lithium ions act at an intracellular site to inhibit hormone-induced accumulation of the cyclic nucleotide and was proposed that magnesium and lithium ions act at different cellular locations to produce their effects on hormone-induced cyclic AMP accumulation.",
author = "Alan Frazer and Haugaard, {Ella S.} and Joe Mendels and Niels Haugaard",
note = "Funding Information: Many studies have shown that lithium ions can reduce hormone-induced stimulation of adenylate cyclase in several different tissues including brain [ll 81. Whether this pharmacological action of the cation is related to its therapeutic effects in affective disorders [9-121 is now unknown but is a subject for speculation and research [ 131. Certain of the side effects seen during lithium treatment in man may be a consequence of an inhibition of hormone-incluccd stimulation of adenylate cyclase. For example, the administration of lithium carbonate to man can produce polyuria [ 14,151 that is resistant to administration of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) [ 16,171. The antidiuretic effect of this hormone is thought to result from an increase in medullary adenosine 3{\textquoteright},5{\textquoteright}-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) [IS]. Since ADH activation of adenylate cyclase preparations from human renal medullary tissue is decreased by lithium ions 1191, the diuretic effect of lithium may be, in part, a consequence of this cellular effect of the ion. Recent evidence indicates that lithium may also interfere with the effects of ADH at a site distal to the formation of cyclic AMP 1173. In a similar manner, the antithyroid effects of lithium 120,211 may be related to an inhibition the effect of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) on thyroid adenylate cyclase [5,6], in addition to actions in the thyroid gland at sites subsequent to cyclic AMP formation 122,231. In the present investigation, we have demonstrated that the lithium ion decreases hormone-induced accumulation of cyclic AMP in skeletal muscle as it does in other tissues. Experiments are also reported * Supported in part by research funds from the Veterans Administration and by grants from the Heart and Lung Institute of the National Institutes of Health (HL-01813).",
year = "1975",
month = dec,
day = "15",
doi = "10.1016/0006-2952(75)90266-X",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "24",
pages = "2273--2277",
journal = "Biochemical Pharmacology",
issn = "0006-2952",
publisher = "Elsevier Inc.",
number = "24",
}