Effect of intracoronary stenting on intimal dissection after balloon angioplasty: Results of quantitative and qualitative coronary analysis

The effect of the Palmaz-Schatz stent on the angiographic appearance and residual luminal stenosis in patients with intimal dissection after balloon angioplasty was evaluated in 84 consecutive patients (90 lesions). Coronary angiography was performed before angioplasty, after conventional angioplasty and after stent implantation. The degree of intimal disruption was assessed as follows: grade 0, no dissection; grade 1, simple dissection (intraluminal linear defect or extraluminal cap extravasation); or grade 2, complex dissection (nonlinear spiral defect or luminal defect with multiple irregular borders). Quantitative coronary analysis of digitized cineangiograms was performed with use of a computerized automatic edge detection algorithm. After balloon angioplasty, 31 (34%) of 90 lesions demonstrated intimal dissection (18 simple, 13 complex). After stent implantation, intimal dissection improved by ≥ 1 grade in 29 (94%) of the 31 lesions with 27 (87%) reduced to grade 0 (that is, no dissection). Dissection grade improved after stenting in 16 (89%) of 18 simple dissections and in all 13 complex dissections. Mean diameter stenosis was 77 ± 17% before angioplasty, 47 ± 17% after angioplasty and 14 ± 10% after stenting (before angioplasty vs. after angioplasty and after angioplasty vs. after stenting, p < 0.0001). In conclusion, intracoronary stenting is effective in reducing the residual luminal stenosis and in improving the angiographic appearance of intimal dissections after conventional balloon angioplasty.