TY - JOUR
T1 - Dopamine transporter dynamics of N-substituted benztropine analogs with atypical behavioral effects
AU - Hong, Weimin C.
AU - Wasko, Michael J.
AU - Wilkinson, Derek S.
AU - Hiranita, Takato
AU - Li, Libin
AU - Hayashi, Shuichiro
AU - Snell, David B.
AU - Madura, Jeffry D.
AU - Surratt, Christopher K.
AU - Katz, Jonathan L.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapy. All rights reserved.
PY - 2018/9
Y1 - 2018/9
N2 - Atypical dopamine transporter (DAT) inhibitors, despite high DAT affinity, do not produce the psychomotor stimulant and abuse profile of standard DAT inhibitors such as cocaine. Proposed contributing features for those differences include off-target actions, slow onsets of action, and ligand bias regarding DAT conformation. Several 3α-(4',4''-difluorodiphenylmethoxy) tropanes were examined, including those with the following substitutions: N-(indole-3''-ethyl)- (GA1- 69), N-(R)-2''-amino-3''-methyl-n-butyl- (GA2-50), N-299aminoethyl- (GA2-99), and N-(cyclopropylmethyl)- (JHW013). These compounds were previously reported to have rapid onset of behavioral effects and were presently evaluated pharmacologically alone or in combination with cocaine. DAT conformational mode was assessed by substitutedcysteine accessibility and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. As determined by substituted-cysteine alkylation, all BZT analogs except GA2-99 showed bias for a cytoplasmicfacing DAT conformation, whereas cocaine stabilized the extracellular-facing conformation. MD simulations suggested that several analog-DAT complexes formed stable R85-D476 "outer gate" bonds that close the DAT to extracellular space. GA2-99 diverged from this pattern, yet had effects similar to those of other atypical DAT inhibitors. Apparent DAT association rates of the BZT analogs in vivo were slower than that for cocaine. None of the compounds was self-administered or stimulated locomotion, and each blocked those effects of cocaine. The present findings provide more detail on ligandinduced DAT conformations and indicate that aspects of DAT conformation other than "open" versus "closed" may facilitate predictions of the actions of DAT inhibitors and may promote rational design of potential treatments for psychomotorstimulant abuse.
AB - Atypical dopamine transporter (DAT) inhibitors, despite high DAT affinity, do not produce the psychomotor stimulant and abuse profile of standard DAT inhibitors such as cocaine. Proposed contributing features for those differences include off-target actions, slow onsets of action, and ligand bias regarding DAT conformation. Several 3α-(4',4''-difluorodiphenylmethoxy) tropanes were examined, including those with the following substitutions: N-(indole-3''-ethyl)- (GA1- 69), N-(R)-2''-amino-3''-methyl-n-butyl- (GA2-50), N-299aminoethyl- (GA2-99), and N-(cyclopropylmethyl)- (JHW013). These compounds were previously reported to have rapid onset of behavioral effects and were presently evaluated pharmacologically alone or in combination with cocaine. DAT conformational mode was assessed by substitutedcysteine accessibility and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. As determined by substituted-cysteine alkylation, all BZT analogs except GA2-99 showed bias for a cytoplasmicfacing DAT conformation, whereas cocaine stabilized the extracellular-facing conformation. MD simulations suggested that several analog-DAT complexes formed stable R85-D476 "outer gate" bonds that close the DAT to extracellular space. GA2-99 diverged from this pattern, yet had effects similar to those of other atypical DAT inhibitors. Apparent DAT association rates of the BZT analogs in vivo were slower than that for cocaine. None of the compounds was self-administered or stimulated locomotion, and each blocked those effects of cocaine. The present findings provide more detail on ligandinduced DAT conformations and indicate that aspects of DAT conformation other than "open" versus "closed" may facilitate predictions of the actions of DAT inhibitors and may promote rational design of potential treatments for psychomotorstimulant abuse.
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U2 - 10.1124/jpet.118.250498
DO - 10.1124/jpet.118.250498
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85053339818
SN - 0022-3565
VL - 366
SP - 527
EP - 540
JO - Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
JF - Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
IS - 3
ER -