TY - JOUR
T1 - Dietary inflammatory potential is linked to cardiovascular disease risk burden in the US adult population
AU - Tyrovolas, Stefanos
AU - Koyanagi, Ai
AU - Kotsakis, Georgios A.
AU - Panagiotakos, Demosthenes
AU - Shivappa, Nitin
AU - Wirth, Michael D.
AU - Hébert, James R.
AU - Haro, Josep Maria
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2017 Elsevier B.V.
Copyright:
Copyright 2018 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2017/8/1
Y1 - 2017/8/1
N2 - Background Dietary guidelines are a key tool in the public health quiver. Single nutrients have been linked to cardiovascular diseases, but existing metrics do not capture the overall effect of diet on inflammatory diseases. The aim of this study was to examine the association between dietary inflammatory potential and cardiovascular diseases risk factors (CVD-RFs) in a nationally-representative sample of non-institutionalized US adults using data from the continuous National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (2007-2012). Methods and results A sample of 7880 non-institutionalized US adults aged ≥ 20 years provided data on dietary habits and CVD-RFs (obesity; diabetes mellitus; hypertension; hypercholesterolemia). The total number of CVD-RFs was summed for each individual to create a CVD-RF morbidity index (range 0-4) as the outcome variable, used both as ordinal and dichotomous (no CVD-RFs versus at least one CVD-RF) variables. The association between the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) and at least one CVD-RF was dose-dependent, with participants in the 3rd and 4th quartile of DII (i.e., more pro-inflammatory dietary habits) being 1.37 (95%CI = 1.11-1.68) and 1.50 (95%CI = 1.19-1.90) times more likely, respectively, to have at least one CVD-RF, as compared to participants in the 1st quartile of DII scores. Similar results were obtained for the ordinal logistic regression using the CVD-RF morbidity index as the outcome. Conclusions Among US adults aged ≥ 20 years, pro-inflammatory dietary patterns, as assessed by the DII, were associated with increased odds for CVD-RFs. Dietary guidelines aimed at lowering the DII may reduce the CVD-RF burden in US adults.
AB - Background Dietary guidelines are a key tool in the public health quiver. Single nutrients have been linked to cardiovascular diseases, but existing metrics do not capture the overall effect of diet on inflammatory diseases. The aim of this study was to examine the association between dietary inflammatory potential and cardiovascular diseases risk factors (CVD-RFs) in a nationally-representative sample of non-institutionalized US adults using data from the continuous National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (2007-2012). Methods and results A sample of 7880 non-institutionalized US adults aged ≥ 20 years provided data on dietary habits and CVD-RFs (obesity; diabetes mellitus; hypertension; hypercholesterolemia). The total number of CVD-RFs was summed for each individual to create a CVD-RF morbidity index (range 0-4) as the outcome variable, used both as ordinal and dichotomous (no CVD-RFs versus at least one CVD-RF) variables. The association between the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) and at least one CVD-RF was dose-dependent, with participants in the 3rd and 4th quartile of DII (i.e., more pro-inflammatory dietary habits) being 1.37 (95%CI = 1.11-1.68) and 1.50 (95%CI = 1.19-1.90) times more likely, respectively, to have at least one CVD-RF, as compared to participants in the 1st quartile of DII scores. Similar results were obtained for the ordinal logistic regression using the CVD-RF morbidity index as the outcome. Conclusions Among US adults aged ≥ 20 years, pro-inflammatory dietary patterns, as assessed by the DII, were associated with increased odds for CVD-RFs. Dietary guidelines aimed at lowering the DII may reduce the CVD-RF burden in US adults.
KW - Cardiovascular diseases
KW - Diet
KW - Inflammation
KW - NHANES
KW - Risk factors
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U2 - 10.1016/j.ijcard.2017.04.104
DO - 10.1016/j.ijcard.2017.04.104
M3 - Article
C2 - 28487151
AN - SCOPUS:85018417066
VL - 240
SP - 409
EP - 413
JO - International Journal of Cardiology
JF - International Journal of Cardiology
SN - 0167-5273
ER -