TY - JOUR
T1 - Defining the phenotype of young adults with family histories of alcohol and other substance use disorders
T2 - Studies from the family health patterns project
AU - Acheson, Ashley
AU - Vincent, Andrea S.
AU - Cohoon, Andrew J.
AU - Lovallo, William R.
N1 - Funding Information:
Supported by the Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Research Service , the National Institutes of Health /NIAAA ( R01-AA12207 ), and the Arkansas Biosciences Institute . The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.
PY - 2018/2
Y1 - 2018/2
N2 - Individuals with a family history of alcohol and other drug use disorders (FH +) are at increased risk for developing substance use disorders themselves relative to those with no such histories (FH −). Here we sought to identify key characteristics associated with FH + status and alcohol and other drug use disorder status in a large cohort of FH + and FH − young adults. We conducted principal component analyses on demographic, temperament, and cognitive measures differentiating 506 FH + and 528 FH − young adults. Three principal components were identified, and these component scores were then used to predict the odds of being FH + and the odds of having an alcohol or other drug use disorder. Component 1 consisted of measures indexing internalizing traits, with higher component scores indicating greater depressive, anxious, and emotional instability tendencies. Component 2 consisted of measures of externalizing traits as well as exposure to early life adversity (ELA), with higher scores indicating less impulse control, more antisocial behavior, and greater ELA exposure. Component 3 consisted of estimated intelligence, delay discounting, and demographic characteristics, with higher scores indicating lower estimated intelligence, greater discounting of delayed rewards, less education, and lower childhood socioeconomic status. For each 1-point increase in the Component 1, 2, and 3 scores, the odds of being classified FH + increased by 2%, 8%, and 4%, respectively. Similar findings were observed when individuals with alcohol or other drug use disorders were removed from the analyses. Finally, greater Component 2 scores were also associated with increased odds of having an alcohol or other drug use disorder. Collectively, these findings provide a more comprehensive understanding of the FH + phenotype in young adults and help form a basis for further studies on biological mechanisms underlying risk for substance use disorders. The present findings also provide further support for a prominent role of ELA in promoting risk for problem alcohol and other drug use.
AB - Individuals with a family history of alcohol and other drug use disorders (FH +) are at increased risk for developing substance use disorders themselves relative to those with no such histories (FH −). Here we sought to identify key characteristics associated with FH + status and alcohol and other drug use disorder status in a large cohort of FH + and FH − young adults. We conducted principal component analyses on demographic, temperament, and cognitive measures differentiating 506 FH + and 528 FH − young adults. Three principal components were identified, and these component scores were then used to predict the odds of being FH + and the odds of having an alcohol or other drug use disorder. Component 1 consisted of measures indexing internalizing traits, with higher component scores indicating greater depressive, anxious, and emotional instability tendencies. Component 2 consisted of measures of externalizing traits as well as exposure to early life adversity (ELA), with higher scores indicating less impulse control, more antisocial behavior, and greater ELA exposure. Component 3 consisted of estimated intelligence, delay discounting, and demographic characteristics, with higher scores indicating lower estimated intelligence, greater discounting of delayed rewards, less education, and lower childhood socioeconomic status. For each 1-point increase in the Component 1, 2, and 3 scores, the odds of being classified FH + increased by 2%, 8%, and 4%, respectively. Similar findings were observed when individuals with alcohol or other drug use disorders were removed from the analyses. Finally, greater Component 2 scores were also associated with increased odds of having an alcohol or other drug use disorder. Collectively, these findings provide a more comprehensive understanding of the FH + phenotype in young adults and help form a basis for further studies on biological mechanisms underlying risk for substance use disorders. The present findings also provide further support for a prominent role of ELA in promoting risk for problem alcohol and other drug use.
KW - Cognition
KW - Delay discounting
KW - Early life adversity
KW - Externalizing traits
KW - Family history
KW - Impulsivity
KW - Internalizing traits
KW - Risk
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U2 - 10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.10.014
DO - 10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.10.014
M3 - Article
C2 - 29107202
AN - SCOPUS:85032278046
VL - 77
SP - 247
EP - 254
JO - Addictive Behaviors
JF - Addictive Behaviors
SN - 0306-4603
ER -