Deficits in dopamine clearance and locomotion in hypoinsulinemic rats unmask novel modulation of dopamine transporters by amphetamine

W. Anthony Owens, Rajkumar J. Sevak, Ruggero Galici, Xiaoying Chang, Martin A. Javors, Aurelio Galli, Charles P. France, Lynette C. Daws

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

72 Scopus citations

Abstract

Insulin affects brain reward pathways and there is converging evidence that this occurs through insulin regulation of the dopamine (DA) transporter (DAT). In rats made hypoinsulinemic by fasting, synaptosomal DA uptake is reduced. Interestingly, [3H]DA uptake is increased in hypoinsulinemic rats with a history of amphetamine self-administration. The possibility that amphetamine and insulin act in concert to regulate DAT activity prompted this study. Here we show that [3H]DA uptake, measured in vitro and clearance of exogenously applied DA in vivo, is significantly reduced in rats made hypoinsulinemic by a single injection of streptozotocin. Strikingly, amphetamine (1.78 mg/kg, given every other day for 8 days) restored DA clearance in streptozotocin-treated rats but was without effect on DA clearance in saline-treated rats. Basal locomotor activity of streptozotocin-treated rats was lower compared to control rats; however, in streptozotocin-treated rats, hyperlocomotion induced by amphetamine increased over successive amphetamine injections. In saline-treated rats the locomotor stimulant effect of amphetamine remained stable across the four amphetamine injections. These results provide exciting new evidence that actions of amphetamine on DA neurotransmission are insulin-dependent and further suggest that exposure to amphetamine may cause long-lasting changes in DAT function.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)1402-1410
Number of pages9
JournalJournal of neurochemistry
Volume94
Issue number5
DOIs
StatePublished - Aug 2005

Keywords

  • Amphetamine
  • Chronoamperometry
  • Dopamine transporter
  • Insulin
  • Locomotor activity
  • Striatum

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Biochemistry
  • Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience

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