Covid-19 pandemic and vitamin d deficiency: A different approach with an analysis of the findings and a complimentary proposal

Virna M. Martín Giménez, Ivana Bergam, Felipe Inserra, León Ferder, Russel J. Reiter, Walter Manucha

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

Abstract

Vitamin D is an essential immune-modulator with receptors widely distributed throughout the body, and its serum levels fluctuate significantly in individuals between winter and summer months. This study examines the association between low vitamin D status and prevalence of COVID-19 cases around the world and proposes a relationship with the seasonal character of the human immune system strength rather than to the seasonal infectivity of viruses. Also, this review suggests that the observed geographical disparities in COVID-19 cases are due to differences in vitamin D levels. On the international scale, serum vitamin D levels are reportedly lowest in China, the Middle East, and South Europe; these populations also had the largest outbreaks of COVID-19 cases. In addition to the geographical differences in vitamin D status, there are known risk groups (ethnic, age-related, pregnancies). In contrast, some countries including Canada, Finland, and North Europe incorporate increased amounts of vitamin D through fortified foods, vitamin D supplements, and sunbathing. These countries show the lowest morbidity and mortality rates by COVID-19 infection and demonstrate that lower ambient temperatures do not contribute to a higher number of COVID-19 cases. COVID-19 has spread around the globe almost simultaneously in both warm and cold areas. Given this information, vitamin D measurement should become an essential component of public health monitoring as a biomarker of immunity status. Clinical trials should be conducted to confirm this hypothesis. COVID-19 tests should be performed together with vitamin D status tests to verify this proposed relationship.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)148-157
Number of pages10
JournalJournal of Current Science and Technology
Volume11
Issue number1
DOIs
StatePublished - Jan 1 2021

Keywords

  • COVID-19
  • Geographical differences
  • Seasonal immune system
  • Vitamin D deficiency
  • Vitamin D status

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • General

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