TY - JOUR
T1 - Combined use of alcohol and nicotine gum
AU - Mintz, Jim
AU - Phipps, Catherine C.
AU - Arruda, Mary Jane
AU - Glynn, Shirley M.
AU - Schneider, Nina G.
AU - Jarvik, Murray E.
N1 - Funding Information:
*Also at West Los Angeles VA Medical Center, Brentwood Division. The authors thank Bob Benson, B.A., for his work on the project, Stephen Miller and Phillip Ackerman of Merrill Dow, and acknowledge the technical support provided by our colleague, Jed Rose, Ph.D. This work was supported by Protocol 675, Study 719, and Grant No. P860501 from Merrill Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Reprint requests should be sent to Jim Mintz, Ph.D., Professor, UCLA Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Brentwood VA Hospital (691/B] 17). 11301 Wilshire Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90073.
Copyright:
Copyright 2014 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 1991
Y1 - 1991
N2 - This study evaluated the effects of chewing nicotine gum immediately before and just after drinking a moderate amount of alcohol. Four research questions were addressed. First, does chewing nicotine gum prior to drinking alcohol attenuate the increased craving to smoke that is typically associated with alcohol use? Second, does drinking prior to chewing reduce the gum's effectiveness? Third, are significant side effects observed with nicotine gum, and is their severity affected by alcohol use? Finally, can we identify subjects who are more likely to respond well to the gum on the basis of smoking history or pattern or other descriptive-demographic, psychologic, or historical variables? Smokers who had abstained for at least 12 h were studied in a fully crossrandomized experimental design that contrasted nicotine gum (before or after drinking) versus sugarless gum, and alcohol versus a no-alcohol comparison condition. Nicotine gum use was associated with significantly greater immediate reduction in craving to smoke, regardless of whether it preceded or followed alcohol, but the effects were weak and short-lived in either case. Moderate use of alcohol after chewing the gum eliminated virtually all of its beneficial effects. Mild side effects were common with nicotine gum, but equally so regardless of alcohol use. A small battery of demographic and historical variables failed to identify those subjects who responded well to nicotine gum.
AB - This study evaluated the effects of chewing nicotine gum immediately before and just after drinking a moderate amount of alcohol. Four research questions were addressed. First, does chewing nicotine gum prior to drinking alcohol attenuate the increased craving to smoke that is typically associated with alcohol use? Second, does drinking prior to chewing reduce the gum's effectiveness? Third, are significant side effects observed with nicotine gum, and is their severity affected by alcohol use? Finally, can we identify subjects who are more likely to respond well to the gum on the basis of smoking history or pattern or other descriptive-demographic, psychologic, or historical variables? Smokers who had abstained for at least 12 h were studied in a fully crossrandomized experimental design that contrasted nicotine gum (before or after drinking) versus sugarless gum, and alcohol versus a no-alcohol comparison condition. Nicotine gum use was associated with significantly greater immediate reduction in craving to smoke, regardless of whether it preceded or followed alcohol, but the effects were weak and short-lived in either case. Moderate use of alcohol after chewing the gum eliminated virtually all of its beneficial effects. Mild side effects were common with nicotine gum, but equally so regardless of alcohol use. A small battery of demographic and historical variables failed to identify those subjects who responded well to nicotine gum.
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U2 - 10.1016/0306-4603(91)90034-F
DO - 10.1016/0306-4603(91)90034-F
M3 - Article
C2 - 2048453
AN - SCOPUS:0026084914
VL - 16
SP - 1
EP - 10
JO - Addictive Behaviors
JF - Addictive Behaviors
SN - 0306-4603
IS - 1-2
ER -