Coherence analysis of envelope-following responses (EFRs) and frequency-following responses (FFRs) in infants and adults

Ellen C. Levi; Richard C. Folsom; Robert A. Dobie

doi:10.1016/0378-5955(95)00118-3

Coherence analysis of envelope-following responses (EFRs) and frequency-following responses (FFRs) in infants and adults

Ellen C. Levi, Richard C. Folsom, Robert A. Dobie

Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

41 Scopus citations

Abstract

The frequency-following response (FFR) and the envelope-following response (EFR) were recorded in 1-month-old infants and in adults to examine the development of temporal coding. The stimuli were amplitude-modulated (AM) tones. A modulation frequency of 80 Hz was used in infants; modulation frequencies of 40 and 80 Hz were used in adults. The effects of intensity, carrier frequency, and modulation frequency on these responses were studied. Responses were analyzed using magnitude-squared coherence. The effect of intensity on the growth of FFR- and EFR-coherence were similar in infants and adults. In addition, the growth functions were not affected by the carrier frequency or the modulation frequency of the stimulus. FFR thresholds did not differ across age groups. 'Best frequency' (i.e., infant 80 Hz and adult 40 Hz) EFR thresholds were the same for infants and adults at 500 and 1000 Hz, but infant EFR thresholds were poorer than adult thresholds at 2000 Hz. Thus, although FFRs and EFRs are primarily adult-like at 1 month of age, there are some age differences in the EFR that deserve further study.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	21-27
Number of pages	7
Journal	Hearing Research
Volume	89
Issue number	1-2
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-5955(95)00118-3
State	Published - Sep 1995

Keywords

Auditory development
Auditory evoked potential
Coherence
Steady-state response
Threshold

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Sensory Systems

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10.1016/0378-5955(95)00118-3

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@article{aec69ca16ebd4384bb9f4ef0fcfd3bcc,

title = "Coherence analysis of envelope-following responses (EFRs) and frequency-following responses (FFRs) in infants and adults",

abstract = "The frequency-following response (FFR) and the envelope-following response (EFR) were recorded in 1-month-old infants and in adults to examine the development of temporal coding. The stimuli were amplitude-modulated (AM) tones. A modulation frequency of 80 Hz was used in infants; modulation frequencies of 40 and 80 Hz were used in adults. The effects of intensity, carrier frequency, and modulation frequency on these responses were studied. Responses were analyzed using magnitude-squared coherence. The effect of intensity on the growth of FFR- and EFR-coherence were similar in infants and adults. In addition, the growth functions were not affected by the carrier frequency or the modulation frequency of the stimulus. FFR thresholds did not differ across age groups. 'Best frequency' (i.e., infant 80 Hz and adult 40 Hz) EFR thresholds were the same for infants and adults at 500 and 1000 Hz, but infant EFR thresholds were poorer than adult thresholds at 2000 Hz. Thus, although FFRs and EFRs are primarily adult-like at 1 month of age, there are some age differences in the EFR that deserve further study.",

keywords = "Auditory development, Auditory evoked potential, Coherence, Steady-state response, Threshold",

author = "Levi, {Ellen C.} and Folsom, {Richard C.} and Dobie, {Robert A.}",

note = "Funding Information: The authorsw ish to thankD r. Lynne Wernerf or statistical advice and providing helpful commentso n this manuscriptA. ppreciationis also expressetdo Chris Prall for his softwares upportt,o Michael Wilson for providing technicasl upporto n many occasionsT. his researchw as supportedb y grants from NIH-NIDCD (No. R01, DC-00337a ndNo. DC00520)a ndthe Virginia Merrill Bloedel HearingR esearchC enter.",

year = "1995",

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doi = "10.1016/0378-5955(95)00118-3",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "89",

pages = "21--27",

journal = "Hearing Research",

issn = "0378-5955",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Coherence analysis of envelope-following responses (EFRs) and frequency-following responses (FFRs) in infants and adults

AU - Levi, Ellen C.

AU - Folsom, Richard C.

AU - Dobie, Robert A.

N1 - Funding Information: The authorsw ish to thankD r. Lynne Wernerf or statistical advice and providing helpful commentso n this manuscriptA. ppreciationis also expressetdo Chris Prall for his softwares upportt,o Michael Wilson for providing technicasl upporto n many occasionsT. his researchw as supportedb y grants from NIH-NIDCD (No. R01, DC-00337a ndNo. DC00520)a ndthe Virginia Merrill Bloedel HearingR esearchC enter.

PY - 1995/9

Y1 - 1995/9

N2 - The frequency-following response (FFR) and the envelope-following response (EFR) were recorded in 1-month-old infants and in adults to examine the development of temporal coding. The stimuli were amplitude-modulated (AM) tones. A modulation frequency of 80 Hz was used in infants; modulation frequencies of 40 and 80 Hz were used in adults. The effects of intensity, carrier frequency, and modulation frequency on these responses were studied. Responses were analyzed using magnitude-squared coherence. The effect of intensity on the growth of FFR- and EFR-coherence were similar in infants and adults. In addition, the growth functions were not affected by the carrier frequency or the modulation frequency of the stimulus. FFR thresholds did not differ across age groups. 'Best frequency' (i.e., infant 80 Hz and adult 40 Hz) EFR thresholds were the same for infants and adults at 500 and 1000 Hz, but infant EFR thresholds were poorer than adult thresholds at 2000 Hz. Thus, although FFRs and EFRs are primarily adult-like at 1 month of age, there are some age differences in the EFR that deserve further study.

AB - The frequency-following response (FFR) and the envelope-following response (EFR) were recorded in 1-month-old infants and in adults to examine the development of temporal coding. The stimuli were amplitude-modulated (AM) tones. A modulation frequency of 80 Hz was used in infants; modulation frequencies of 40 and 80 Hz were used in adults. The effects of intensity, carrier frequency, and modulation frequency on these responses were studied. Responses were analyzed using magnitude-squared coherence. The effect of intensity on the growth of FFR- and EFR-coherence were similar in infants and adults. In addition, the growth functions were not affected by the carrier frequency or the modulation frequency of the stimulus. FFR thresholds did not differ across age groups. 'Best frequency' (i.e., infant 80 Hz and adult 40 Hz) EFR thresholds were the same for infants and adults at 500 and 1000 Hz, but infant EFR thresholds were poorer than adult thresholds at 2000 Hz. Thus, although FFRs and EFRs are primarily adult-like at 1 month of age, there are some age differences in the EFR that deserve further study.

KW - Auditory development

KW - Auditory evoked potential

KW - Coherence

KW - Steady-state response

KW - Threshold

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JO - Hearing Research

JF - Hearing Research

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ER -

Coherence analysis of envelope-following responses (EFRs) and frequency-following responses (FFRs) in infants and adults

Abstract

Keywords

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