TY - JOUR
T1 - Clonal analysis of a human antibody response - II. Sequences of the VH genes of human IgM, IgGIgA to rabies virus reveal preferential utilization of VHIII segments and somatic hypermutation
AU - Ikematsu, Hideyuki
AU - Harindranath, Nagaradona
AU - Ueki, Yuji
AU - Notkins, Abner L.
AU - Casali, Paolo
PY - 1993
Y1 - 1993
N2 - The construction of mAb-producing cell lines has been instrumental in dissecting the fine specificities and genetic makeup of murine antibodies to exogenous and self Ag. The analysis of the genetic composition of human antibody responses has been hampered by the difficulty in generating human mAb of predetermined class and specificity. Using B lymphocytes from three healthy subjects vaccinated with inactivated rabies virus vaccine, we generated nine human mAb binding to rabies virus and analyzed the genes encoding their VH regions. Six mAb (five lgG1 and one lgA1) were monoreactive and displayed high affinities for rabies virus Ag. The remaining three mAb (lgM) were polyreactive and displayed lower affinities for rabies virus Ag. Seven mAb (3 lgG1, the lgA1the three lgM) utilized VH gene segments of the VHIII family. The remaining two lgG1 mAb utilized gene segments of the VHI and VHIV families. Of the seven expressed VHIII family genes, three were similar to the germline VH26c gene, two to the germline 22-2B gene, one to the germline H11 geneone to the germline 8-1B gene. The expressed VHI and VHIV genes displayed sequences similar to those of the germline hv1263 and V71-4 genes, respectively. The VH genes of all but one mAb (mAb55) resembled those that are predominantly expressed by Cμ+ clones in human fetal liver libraries. When compared with known germline sequences, the VH genes of the rabies virus-binding mAb displayed variable numbers of nucleotide differences. That such differences resulted from a process of somatic hypermutation was formally demonstrated (by analyzing DNA from polymorphonuclear neutrophil of the same subject whose B lymphocytes were used for the mAb generation) in the case of the VH gene of the high affinity (anti-rabies virus glycoprotein) lgG1 mAb57 that has been shown to efficiently neutralize the virus in vitro and in vivo. The distribution, mainly within the complementarity determining regionsthe high replacement-to-silent ratio of the mutations, were consistent with the hypothesis that the mAb57-producing cell clone underwent a process of Ag-driven affinity maturation through clonal selection. The D gene segments of the rabies virus-selected mAb were heterogeneous and, in most cases, flanked by significant N segment additions. The JH segment utilization was unbalanced and reminiscent of those of the adult and fetus. Four mAb utilized JH4, two JH6, two JH3one JH5; no mAb utilized JH1 or JH2 genes. The present data suggest that the adult human lg V gene assortment expressed as the result of selection by a proteinic mosaic Ag is more restricted than previously assumed and resembles that of the putatively unselected adult B cell repertoire and the unselected Cμ+ cell repertoire of the fetus. They also document somatic lg V gene hypermutation in human B cells producing high affinity antibodies.
AB - The construction of mAb-producing cell lines has been instrumental in dissecting the fine specificities and genetic makeup of murine antibodies to exogenous and self Ag. The analysis of the genetic composition of human antibody responses has been hampered by the difficulty in generating human mAb of predetermined class and specificity. Using B lymphocytes from three healthy subjects vaccinated with inactivated rabies virus vaccine, we generated nine human mAb binding to rabies virus and analyzed the genes encoding their VH regions. Six mAb (five lgG1 and one lgA1) were monoreactive and displayed high affinities for rabies virus Ag. The remaining three mAb (lgM) were polyreactive and displayed lower affinities for rabies virus Ag. Seven mAb (3 lgG1, the lgA1the three lgM) utilized VH gene segments of the VHIII family. The remaining two lgG1 mAb utilized gene segments of the VHI and VHIV families. Of the seven expressed VHIII family genes, three were similar to the germline VH26c gene, two to the germline 22-2B gene, one to the germline H11 geneone to the germline 8-1B gene. The expressed VHI and VHIV genes displayed sequences similar to those of the germline hv1263 and V71-4 genes, respectively. The VH genes of all but one mAb (mAb55) resembled those that are predominantly expressed by Cμ+ clones in human fetal liver libraries. When compared with known germline sequences, the VH genes of the rabies virus-binding mAb displayed variable numbers of nucleotide differences. That such differences resulted from a process of somatic hypermutation was formally demonstrated (by analyzing DNA from polymorphonuclear neutrophil of the same subject whose B lymphocytes were used for the mAb generation) in the case of the VH gene of the high affinity (anti-rabies virus glycoprotein) lgG1 mAb57 that has been shown to efficiently neutralize the virus in vitro and in vivo. The distribution, mainly within the complementarity determining regionsthe high replacement-to-silent ratio of the mutations, were consistent with the hypothesis that the mAb57-producing cell clone underwent a process of Ag-driven affinity maturation through clonal selection. The D gene segments of the rabies virus-selected mAb were heterogeneous and, in most cases, flanked by significant N segment additions. The JH segment utilization was unbalanced and reminiscent of those of the adult and fetus. Four mAb utilized JH4, two JH6, two JH3one JH5; no mAb utilized JH1 or JH2 genes. The present data suggest that the adult human lg V gene assortment expressed as the result of selection by a proteinic mosaic Ag is more restricted than previously assumed and resembles that of the putatively unselected adult B cell repertoire and the unselected Cμ+ cell repertoire of the fetus. They also document somatic lg V gene hypermutation in human B cells producing high affinity antibodies.
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M3 - Article
C2 - 8432980
AN - SCOPUS:0027275899
SN - 0022-1767
VL - 150
SP - 1325
EP - 1337
JO - Journal of Immunology
JF - Journal of Immunology
IS - 4
ER -