TY - JOUR
T1 - Characterization of pressure transients generated by nanosecond electrical pulse (nsEP) exposure
AU - Roth, Caleb C.
AU - Barnes, Ronald A.
AU - Ibey, Bennett L.
AU - Beier, Hope T.
AU - Christopher Mimun, L.
AU - Maswadi, Saher M.
AU - Shadaram, Mehdi
AU - Glickman, Randolph D.
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by USAF AFMC 711th HPW/CL 2014 Chief Scientist Seedling Award (B. L. I.). Mr. Roth is a SMART Scholar and is supported by the OSD-T&E (Office of Secretary Defense-Test and Evaluation), Defense –Wide/PE0601120D8Z National Defense Education Program (NDEP)/BA-1, Basic Research. This study was also supported by a grant from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR-LRIR 139RH08COR). We would like to thank Mr. Gary Noojin for his technical expertise concerning optical setups.
Copyright:
Copyright 2015 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2015/10/9
Y1 - 2015/10/9
N2 - The mechanism(s) responsible for the breakdown (nanoporation) of cell plasma membranes after nanosecond pulse (nsEP) exposure remains poorly understood. Current theories focus exclusively on the electrical field, citing electrostriction, water dipole alignment and/or electrodeformation as the primary mechanisms for pore formation. However, the delivery of a high-voltage nsEP to cells by tungsten electrodes creates a multitude of biophysical phenomena, including electrohydraulic cavitation, electrochemical interactions, thermoelastic expansion, and others. To date, very limited research has investigated non-electric phenomena occurring during nsEP exposures and their potential effect on cell nanoporation. Of primary interest is the production of acoustic shock waves during nsEP exposure, as it is known that acoustic shock waves can cause membrane poration (sonoporation). Based on these observations, our group characterized the acoustic pressure transients generated by nsEP and determined if such transients played any role in nanoporation. In this paper, we show that nsEP exposures, equivalent to those used in cellular studies, are capable of generating high-frequency (2.5MHz), high-intensity (>13kPa) pressure transients. Using confocal microscopy to measure cell uptake of YO-PRO®-1 (indicator of nanoporation of the plasma membrane) and changing the electrode geometry, we determined that acoustic waves alone are not responsible for poration of the membrane.
AB - The mechanism(s) responsible for the breakdown (nanoporation) of cell plasma membranes after nanosecond pulse (nsEP) exposure remains poorly understood. Current theories focus exclusively on the electrical field, citing electrostriction, water dipole alignment and/or electrodeformation as the primary mechanisms for pore formation. However, the delivery of a high-voltage nsEP to cells by tungsten electrodes creates a multitude of biophysical phenomena, including electrohydraulic cavitation, electrochemical interactions, thermoelastic expansion, and others. To date, very limited research has investigated non-electric phenomena occurring during nsEP exposures and their potential effect on cell nanoporation. Of primary interest is the production of acoustic shock waves during nsEP exposure, as it is known that acoustic shock waves can cause membrane poration (sonoporation). Based on these observations, our group characterized the acoustic pressure transients generated by nsEP and determined if such transients played any role in nanoporation. In this paper, we show that nsEP exposures, equivalent to those used in cellular studies, are capable of generating high-frequency (2.5MHz), high-intensity (>13kPa) pressure transients. Using confocal microscopy to measure cell uptake of YO-PRO®-1 (indicator of nanoporation of the plasma membrane) and changing the electrode geometry, we determined that acoustic waves alone are not responsible for poration of the membrane.
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U2 - 10.1038/srep15063
DO - 10.1038/srep15063
M3 - Article
C2 - 26450165
AN - SCOPUS:84944233901
VL - 5
JO - Scientific Reports
JF - Scientific Reports
SN - 2045-2322
M1 - 15063
ER -