TY - JOUR
T1 - Changes in milk composition in obese rats consuming a high-fat diet
AU - Bautista, C. J.
AU - Montanõ, S.
AU - Ramirez, V.
AU - Morales, A.
AU - Nathanielsz, P. W.
AU - Bobadilla, N. A.
AU - Zambrano, E.
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by Fundacion Mexicana para la Salud y Fundaci?n Mexicana para la salud Hepatica (C. J. B., FUNSALUD and FUNDHEPA) and Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnolog?a (CONACyT, E. Z., 155166 and C. J. B., 237643) Mexico. FUNSALUD, FUNDHEPA AND CONACyT had no role in the design, analysis or writing of this article. C. J. B., researched data, responsible for the study design and manuscript writing; S. M., V. R., researched data; A. M., contributed to the discussion and reviewed the manuscript; P. W. N. and N. A. B., responsible for the study design and preparation of the manuscript; E. Z., responsible for the study design and preparation of the manuscript.
PY - 2016/2/14
Y1 - 2016/2/14
N2 - Maternal obesity programmes offspring development. We addressed maternal obesity effects induced by high-fat diets on maternal mammary gland (MG) structure and function and offspring brain, liver and fat outcomes. Mothers were fed control (C, n 5) or obesogenic (MO, n 5) diet from the time they were weaned through pregnancy beginning at 120 d, through lactation. At offspring postnatal day (PND) 20, milk leptin and nutrients were determined. At the end of lactation, maternal liver and MG fatty acid profile were measured. Desaturase (Δ6D and Δ5D) and elongase (ELOVL 5 and ELOVL 2) protein was measured by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting (WB) in the liver and WB in the MG. In mothers, liver, MG and milk fat content were higher in MO than in C. Liver arachidonic acid (AA) and EPA and MG EPA were lower in MO than in C. Liver desaturases were higher in MO. The MG was heavier in MO than in C, with decreased Δ5D expression in MO. Desaturases and elongases were immunolocalised in parenchymal cells of both groups. Milk yield, water, carbohydrate content, EPA and DHA were lower, whereas milk leptin and AA were higher in MO than in C. At PND 21 and 36, brain weight was less and fat depots were greater in MO offspring than in C. MO decreased male absolute brain weight but not female absolute brain weight. In conclusion, maternal obesity induced by an obesogenic diet negatively affects maternal liver and MG function with the production of significant changes in milk composition. Maternal obesity adversely affects offspring metabolism and development.
AB - Maternal obesity programmes offspring development. We addressed maternal obesity effects induced by high-fat diets on maternal mammary gland (MG) structure and function and offspring brain, liver and fat outcomes. Mothers were fed control (C, n 5) or obesogenic (MO, n 5) diet from the time they were weaned through pregnancy beginning at 120 d, through lactation. At offspring postnatal day (PND) 20, milk leptin and nutrients were determined. At the end of lactation, maternal liver and MG fatty acid profile were measured. Desaturase (Δ6D and Δ5D) and elongase (ELOVL 5 and ELOVL 2) protein was measured by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting (WB) in the liver and WB in the MG. In mothers, liver, MG and milk fat content were higher in MO than in C. Liver arachidonic acid (AA) and EPA and MG EPA were lower in MO than in C. Liver desaturases were higher in MO. The MG was heavier in MO than in C, with decreased Δ5D expression in MO. Desaturases and elongases were immunolocalised in parenchymal cells of both groups. Milk yield, water, carbohydrate content, EPA and DHA were lower, whereas milk leptin and AA were higher in MO than in C. At PND 21 and 36, brain weight was less and fat depots were greater in MO offspring than in C. MO decreased male absolute brain weight but not female absolute brain weight. In conclusion, maternal obesity induced by an obesogenic diet negatively affects maternal liver and MG function with the production of significant changes in milk composition. Maternal obesity adversely affects offspring metabolism and development.
KW - Mammary gland development
KW - Maternal liver metabolism
KW - Maternal obesity
KW - Milk composition
KW - Offspring development
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U2 - 10.1017/S0007114515004547
DO - 10.1017/S0007114515004547
M3 - Article
C2 - 26608475
AN - SCOPUS:84955199636
VL - 115
SP - 538
EP - 546
JO - British Journal of Nutrition
JF - British Journal of Nutrition
SN - 0007-1145
IS - 3
ER -