Abstract
Introduction: The anti-suicidal benefit of lithium on suicidal behavior in bipolar disorder is well-established. Data are mixed on the effects of divalproex and carbamazepine. Methods: Retrospective chart review study of 405 veterans with bipolar disorder followed for a mean of 3 years, with month by month review of clinical progress notes, and systematic assessment of current pharmacotherapy and suicide completion, attempt or hospitalization for suicidality. Comparison of suicide event rates (events/100 patient years) between mood stabilizers and during-vs-after discontinuation of mood stabilizers, with linear regression analysis for influence of potential confounding variables, and robust bootstrap confirmation analysis. Results: No completed suicides occurred during or after discontinuation of monotherapy. Rates of non-lethal suicidal behavior were similar during lithium (2.49), divalproex (4.67) and carbamazepine (3.80) monotherapies. There was a sixteen fold greater, highly statistically significant non-lethal suicidal event rate after discontinuation compared with during mood stabilizer monotherapy (55.89 vs. 3.48 events/100 patient years; Chi2 = 13.95; df = 1; p < 0.0002). On compared with off treatment differences were similar for the three different agents. Limitations: Treatments were uncontrolled in this naturalistic setting, and data were analyzed retrospectively. Conclusions: Lithium and the anticonvulsants may show similar benefits in protecting bipolar patients from non-lethal suicidal behavior when careful analysis of clinical data is done to confirm medication adherence/non-adherence. Findings in this study were similar to those of a previous study that applied the same methodology in a private practice setting.
Original language | English (US) |
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Pages (from-to) | 5-11 |
Number of pages | 7 |
Journal | Journal of Affective Disorders |
Volume | 103 |
Issue number | 1-3 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Nov 2007 |
Externally published | Yes |
Keywords
- Bipolar disorder
- Carbamazepine
- Divalproex
- Lithium
- Longitudinal study
- Public health
- Suicide
- Suicide attempt
- Veterans
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Clinical Psychology
- Psychiatry and Mental health