Abstract
Microcystins (MCs) are the toxic molecules produced by common cyanobacterium in freshwater blooms. Their toxicities have brought severe health issues to livestock and human being. Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) is one of the most toxic MCs. This paper presents the profile of the immunomodulation of MC-LR to BALB/c mice peritoneal macrophages. Macrophages were stimulated with 100μg/l lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and MC-LR at dose of 1, 10, 100, 1000nmol/l, respectively, for 24h. Nitric oxide (NO) production in cell culture supernatants was quantified by using Griess reagent method. Total RNA was extracted from incubated macrophages then the mRNA abundance of induced nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), IL-1β, TNF-α, GM-CSF, IFN-γ was monitored by using reverse-transcriptional polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The results demonstrated that NO production, mRNA levels of iNOS, IL-1β, TNF-α were down regulated by MC-LR dose-dependently and mRNA levels of GM-CSF and IFN-γ were also decreased but in dose-independent manner. Our results illustrated the involvement of NO production, iNOS and some cytokines in mice immune system in microcystin shock.
Original language | English (US) |
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Pages (from-to) | 67-77 |
Number of pages | 11 |
Journal | Toxicology |
Volume | 197 |
Issue number | 1 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Apr 1 2004 |
Externally published | Yes |
Keywords
- Cytokine
- MC-LR
- Macrophage
- NO
- RT-PCR
- iNOS
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Toxicology