TY - JOUR
T1 - Altered islet function and insulin clearance cause hyperinsulinemia in gastric bypass patients with symptoms of postprandial hypoglycemia
AU - Salehi, Marzieh
AU - Gastaldelli, Amalia
AU - D'Alessio, David A.
N1 - Copyright:
Copyright 2014 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2014/6
Y1 - 2014/6
N2 - Context: Postprandial hypoglycemia, a late complication of gastric bypass (GB) surgery, is associated with an exaggerated insulin response to meal ingestion. Objective: The purpose of this study was to characterize insulin secretion and other glucoregulatory hormone responses to meal ingestion after GB based on hypoglycemia and clinical symptoms. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of insulin secretion rate and islet and gastrointestinal hormone responses to liquid mixed meal ingestion in 65 subjects with GB and 11 body mass index-matched controls without surgery. The GB subjects were stratified by clinical history for analysis of their responses to the test meal. Results: The glucose and insulin responses to meal ingestion were shiftedupwardand to the left after GB, with the largest early insulin response and the lowest nadir glucose levels in patients with a history of hypoglycemia, particularly those with neuroglycopenic symptoms. Hypoglycemic GB subjects had lower postprandial insulin clearance rates and higher insulin secretion rates during the glucose decline after the test meal. Meal- inducedglucagonwasenhancedin allGBsubjectsbutdidnotdifferbetweensubjectswho did and did not develop hypoglycemia. Plasma gastric inhibitory polypeptide and glucagon-like peptide-1 concentrations did not differ between asymptomatic and neuroglycopenic GB subjects. Conclusion: Among GB subjects with a clinical history of hypoglycemia, hyperinsulinemia is the result of inappropriate insulin secretion and reduced insulin clearance. In subjects with symptoms of postprandial hypoglycemia, insulin secretion is higher in the latter stages of meal glucose clearance, and despite elevated meal-induced glucagon, there is no further response to hypoglycemia. These abnormalities in islet function are most pronounced in subjects who report neuroglycopenic symptoms.
AB - Context: Postprandial hypoglycemia, a late complication of gastric bypass (GB) surgery, is associated with an exaggerated insulin response to meal ingestion. Objective: The purpose of this study was to characterize insulin secretion and other glucoregulatory hormone responses to meal ingestion after GB based on hypoglycemia and clinical symptoms. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of insulin secretion rate and islet and gastrointestinal hormone responses to liquid mixed meal ingestion in 65 subjects with GB and 11 body mass index-matched controls without surgery. The GB subjects were stratified by clinical history for analysis of their responses to the test meal. Results: The glucose and insulin responses to meal ingestion were shiftedupwardand to the left after GB, with the largest early insulin response and the lowest nadir glucose levels in patients with a history of hypoglycemia, particularly those with neuroglycopenic symptoms. Hypoglycemic GB subjects had lower postprandial insulin clearance rates and higher insulin secretion rates during the glucose decline after the test meal. Meal- inducedglucagonwasenhancedin allGBsubjectsbutdidnotdifferbetweensubjectswho did and did not develop hypoglycemia. Plasma gastric inhibitory polypeptide and glucagon-like peptide-1 concentrations did not differ between asymptomatic and neuroglycopenic GB subjects. Conclusion: Among GB subjects with a clinical history of hypoglycemia, hyperinsulinemia is the result of inappropriate insulin secretion and reduced insulin clearance. In subjects with symptoms of postprandial hypoglycemia, insulin secretion is higher in the latter stages of meal glucose clearance, and despite elevated meal-induced glucagon, there is no further response to hypoglycemia. These abnormalities in islet function are most pronounced in subjects who report neuroglycopenic symptoms.
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U2 - 10.1210/jc.2013-2686
DO - 10.1210/jc.2013-2686
M3 - Article
C2 - 24617664
AN - SCOPUS:84902355220
VL - 99
SP - 2008
EP - 2017
JO - Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
JF - Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
SN - 0021-972X
IS - 6
ER -