TY - JOUR
T1 - Advanced Endoscopic Imaging and Interventions in GERD
T2 - An Update and Future Directions
AU - Mann, Rupinder
AU - Gajendran, Mahesh
AU - Perisetti, Abhilash
AU - Goyal, Hemant
AU - Saligram, Shreyas
AU - Umapathy, Chandraprakash
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
Copyright © 2021 Mann, Gajendran, Perisetti, Goyal, Saligram and Umapathy.
PY - 2021/11/29
Y1 - 2021/11/29
N2 - Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is one of the most common gastrointestinal diseases encountered in primary care and gastroenterology clinics. Most cases of GERD can be diagnosed based on clinical presentation and risk factors; however, some patients present with atypical symptoms, which can make diagnosis difficult. An esophagogastroduodenoscopy can be used to assist in diagnosis of GERD, though only half of these patients have visible endoscopic findings on standard white light endoscopy. This led to the development of new advanced endoscopic techniques that enhanced the diagnosis of GERD and related complications like squamous cell dysplasia, Barrett's esophagus, and early esophageal adenocarcinoma. This is conducted by improved detection of subtle irregularities in the mucosa and vascular structures through optical biopsies in real-time. Management of GERD includes lifestyle modifications, pharmacological therapy, endoscopic and surgical intervention. Minimally invasive endoscopic intervention can be an option in selected patients with small hiatal hernia and without complications of GERD. These endoscopic interventions include endoscopic fundoplication, endoscopic mucosal resection techniques, ablative techniques, creating mechanical barriers, and suturing and stapling devices. As these new advanced endoscopic techniques are emerging, data surrounding the indications, advantages and disadvantages of these techniques need a thorough understanding.
AB - Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is one of the most common gastrointestinal diseases encountered in primary care and gastroenterology clinics. Most cases of GERD can be diagnosed based on clinical presentation and risk factors; however, some patients present with atypical symptoms, which can make diagnosis difficult. An esophagogastroduodenoscopy can be used to assist in diagnosis of GERD, though only half of these patients have visible endoscopic findings on standard white light endoscopy. This led to the development of new advanced endoscopic techniques that enhanced the diagnosis of GERD and related complications like squamous cell dysplasia, Barrett's esophagus, and early esophageal adenocarcinoma. This is conducted by improved detection of subtle irregularities in the mucosa and vascular structures through optical biopsies in real-time. Management of GERD includes lifestyle modifications, pharmacological therapy, endoscopic and surgical intervention. Minimally invasive endoscopic intervention can be an option in selected patients with small hiatal hernia and without complications of GERD. These endoscopic interventions include endoscopic fundoplication, endoscopic mucosal resection techniques, ablative techniques, creating mechanical barriers, and suturing and stapling devices. As these new advanced endoscopic techniques are emerging, data surrounding the indications, advantages and disadvantages of these techniques need a thorough understanding.
KW - Barrett's esophagus (BE)
KW - endoscopic reflux therapy
KW - endoscopy
KW - gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
KW - narrow band imaging (NBI)
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U2 - 10.3389/fmed.2021.728696
DO - 10.3389/fmed.2021.728696
M3 - Review article
C2 - 34912815
AN - SCOPUS:85121219147
SN - 2296-858X
VL - 8
JO - Frontiers in Medicine
JF - Frontiers in Medicine
M1 - 728696
ER -