TY - JOUR
T1 - Accuracy of dental calculus detection using digital radiography and image manipulation
AU - Hyer, Jenna C.
AU - Deas, David E.
AU - Palaiologou, A. Archontia
AU - Noujeim, Marcel E.
AU - Mader, Michael J.
AU - Mealey, Brian L.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 American Academy of Periodontology
PY - 2021/3
Y1 - 2021/3
N2 - Background: The aim of this study was to determine if image enhancement improves a clinician's ability to identify the presence of calculus on digital radiographs. Methods: Seventy-one hopeless teeth were collected from 34 patients. Teeth were stained with 1% methylene blue, the largest interproximal calculus deposit was scored, and photographs of each interproximal root surface were taken. The surface area of calculus deposit was determined as a percentage of the total interproximal root surface area. Digital radiographs of teeth taken before extraction were modified using the following enhancements: auto-contrast, emboss, invert, and sharpen. Radiographic presence of calculus was determined by two examiners. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated for each examiner and enhancement. A receiver operating characteristic curve was used to compare differences between the image enhancements in the detection of dental calculus. The kappa statistic was used to compare ratings between examiners. Results: None of the enhanced images were statistically superior to original images in identifying radiographic calculus (P > 0.05). The average sensitivity of digital radiography was 50%, average specificity was 82.2%, PPV was 94%, and NPV 23.2%. A threshold of >30% of interproximal root surface covered with calculus and increasing size of deposits were associated with improved detection (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Digital enhancements do not significantly improve radiographic detection of dental calculus. As area of calculus on the root surface and size of calculus deposits increased, sensitivity of detection also increased.
AB - Background: The aim of this study was to determine if image enhancement improves a clinician's ability to identify the presence of calculus on digital radiographs. Methods: Seventy-one hopeless teeth were collected from 34 patients. Teeth were stained with 1% methylene blue, the largest interproximal calculus deposit was scored, and photographs of each interproximal root surface were taken. The surface area of calculus deposit was determined as a percentage of the total interproximal root surface area. Digital radiographs of teeth taken before extraction were modified using the following enhancements: auto-contrast, emboss, invert, and sharpen. Radiographic presence of calculus was determined by two examiners. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated for each examiner and enhancement. A receiver operating characteristic curve was used to compare differences between the image enhancements in the detection of dental calculus. The kappa statistic was used to compare ratings between examiners. Results: None of the enhanced images were statistically superior to original images in identifying radiographic calculus (P > 0.05). The average sensitivity of digital radiography was 50%, average specificity was 82.2%, PPV was 94%, and NPV 23.2%. A threshold of >30% of interproximal root surface covered with calculus and increasing size of deposits were associated with improved detection (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Digital enhancements do not significantly improve radiographic detection of dental calculus. As area of calculus on the root surface and size of calculus deposits increased, sensitivity of detection also increased.
KW - dental
KW - dental calculus; periodontal diseases; prognosis; radiography
KW - digital
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U2 - 10.1002/JPER.19-0669
DO - 10.1002/JPER.19-0669
M3 - Article
C2 - 32786147
AN - SCOPUS:85090086441
SN - 0022-3492
VL - 92
SP - 419
EP - 427
JO - Journal of periodontology
JF - Journal of periodontology
IS - 3
ER -