Absence of a nocturnal rise in either norepinephrine, N-acetyltransferase, hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase or melatonin in the pineal gland of the domestic pig kept under natural environment photoperiods

Castrated male and intact female pigs were kept under natural photoperiodic and temperature conditions and were killed over a 24 h period in either May (under long days) or in December (under short days). Neither the pineal norepinephrine (NE) concentration nor the melatonin content rose at night; likewise, neither the activities of N-acetyltransferase (NAT) nor hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase (HIOMT) increased during darkness. In May pineal melatonin content actually decreased (P < 0.05) at night while in December NAT activity fell (P < 0.05) at night. Daytime levels of each of these variables were equivalent to those measured in other species. The absence of a nocturnal increase in pineal melatonin production in either May or December raises the possibility that pineal melatonin may be involved in regulating seasonal breeding in the pig in a manner different from other mammals. Alternatively, pineal melatonin production may be unrelated to seasonal reproduction in the pig.