TY - JOUR
T1 - A review of traumatic brain injury and the gut microbiome
T2 - Insights into novel mechanisms of secondary brain injury and promising targets for neuroprotection
AU - Zhu, Caroline S.
AU - Grandhi, Ramesh
AU - Patterson, Thomas Tyler
AU - Nicholson, Susannah E.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
PY - 2018/6/19
Y1 - 2018/6/19
N2 - The gut microbiome and its role in health and disease have recently been major focus areas of research. In this review, we summarize the different ways in which the gut microbiome interacts with the rest of the body, with focus areas on its relationships with immunity, the brain, and injury. The gut–brain axis, a communication network linking together the central and enteric nervous systems, represents a key bidirectional pathway with feed-forward and feedback mechanisms. The gut microbiota has a central role in this pathway and is significantly altered following injury, leading to a pro-inflammatory state within the central nervous system (CNS). Herein, we examine traumatic brain injury (TBI) in relation to this axis and explore potential interventions, which may serve as targets for improving clinical outcomes and preventing secondary brain injury.
AB - The gut microbiome and its role in health and disease have recently been major focus areas of research. In this review, we summarize the different ways in which the gut microbiome interacts with the rest of the body, with focus areas on its relationships with immunity, the brain, and injury. The gut–brain axis, a communication network linking together the central and enteric nervous systems, represents a key bidirectional pathway with feed-forward and feedback mechanisms. The gut microbiota has a central role in this pathway and is significantly altered following injury, leading to a pro-inflammatory state within the central nervous system (CNS). Herein, we examine traumatic brain injury (TBI) in relation to this axis and explore potential interventions, which may serve as targets for improving clinical outcomes and preventing secondary brain injury.
KW - Brain-gut axis
KW - Central nervous system (CNS)
KW - Commensals
KW - Enteric nervous system (ENS)
KW - Gastrointestinal (GI)
KW - Gut
KW - Microbiome
KW - Traumatic brain injury (TBI)
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U2 - 10.3390/brainsci8060113
DO - 10.3390/brainsci8060113
M3 - Review article
C2 - 29921825
AN - SCOPUS:85049194406
SN - 2076-3425
VL - 8
JO - Brain Sciences
JF - Brain Sciences
IS - 6
M1 - 113
ER -