@article{e702527d0453454ab403c6d373158aa5,
title = "A multicenter examination and strategic revisions of the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale",
abstract = "ObjectiveTo examine the internal consistency and distribution of the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS) scores to inform modification of the measure.MethodsThis cross-sectional study included 617 participants with a tic disorder (516 children and 101 adults), who completed an age-appropriate diagnostic interview and the YGTSS to evaluate tic symptom severity. The distributions of scores on YGTSS dimensions were evaluated for normality and skewness. For dimensions that were skewed across motor and phonic tics, a modified Delphi consensus process was used to revise selected anchor points.ResultsChildren and adults had similar clinical characteristics, including tic symptom severity. All participants were examined together. Strong internal consistency was identified for the YGTSS Motor Tic score (α = 0.80), YGTSS Phonic Tic score (α = 0.87), and YGTSS Total Tic score (α = 0.82). The YGTSS Total Tic and Impairment scores exhibited relatively normal distributions. Several subscales and individual item scales departed from a normal distribution. Higher scores were more often used on the Motor Tic Number, Frequency, and Intensity dimensions and the Phonic Tic Frequency dimension. By contrast, lower scores were more often used on Motor Tic Complexity and Interference, and Phonic Tic Number, Intensity, Complexity, and Interference.ConclusionsThe YGTSS exhibits good internal consistency across children and adults. The parallel findings across Motor and Phonic Frequency, Complexity, and Interference dimensions prompted minor revisions to the anchor point description to promote use of the full range of scores in each dimension. Specific minor revisions to the YGTSS Phonic Tic Symptom Checklist were also proposed.",
author = "McGuire, {Joseph F.} and John Piacentini and Storch, {Eric A.} and Murphy, {Tanya K.} and Ricketts, {Emily J.} and Woods, {Douglas W.} and Walkup, {John W.} and Peterson, {Alan L.} and Sabine Wilhelm and Lewin, {Adam B.} and McCracken, {James T.} and Leckman, {James F.} and Lawrence Scahill",
note = "Funding Information: This work was supported in part by grants or contracts to Dr. McGuire (Tourette Association of America [TAA], American Academy of Neurology, and American Brain Foundation), Dr. Piacentini (R01MH070802, TAA), Dr. Murphy (U01 DD000509), Dr. Wilhelm (R01MH069877), Dr. Peterson (RO1MH069875), Dr. Woods (TAA), Dr. McCracken (T32MH073517, P50MH077248), and Dr. Scahill (R01MH069874). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NIMH, NIH, or other grant organizations. Funding Information: This study was funded by the NIH, Tourette Association of America, American Academy of Neurology, and American Brain Foundation. Some authors report receiving funding from various foundations, health care companies, and government agencies. Go to Neurology.org/N for full disclosures. Funding Information: J. McGuire reports receiving research support from the Tourette Association of America (TAA), American Academy of Neurology (AAN), and American Brain Foundation (ABF). He has also received royalties from Elsevier. J. Pia-centini has received grant or research support from the NIMH, Pfizer Pharmaceuticals through the Duke University Clinical Research Institute CAPTN Network, Psyadon Pharmaceuticals, and the TAA. He has received financial support from the Petit Family Foundation and the Tourette Syndrome Association Center of Excellence Gift Fund. He has received royalties from Guilford Press and Oxford University Press. He has served on the speakers{\textquoteright} bureau of the TAA, the International Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Foundation (IOCDF), and the Trichotillomania Learning Center (TLC). E. Storch has received research support from the NIH, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, IOCDF, and All Children{\textquoteright}s Hospital Research Foundation. He reports receiving royalties from Elsevier Publications, Springer, American Psychological Association, John Wiley & Sons Inc., and Lawrence Erlbaum. He has been a consultant for Prophase Inc and Rijuin Hospital in China, and serves on the speaker{\textquoteright}s bureau and scientific advisory board for the IOCDF. He also reports receiving research support from the All Children{\textquoteright}s Hospital Guild Endowed Chair. T. Murphy has received research funding from Auspex Pharmaceuticals, NIMH, Shire Pharmaceuticals, Pfizer, F. Hoffmann–La Roche Ltd., AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Massachusetts General Hospital, Sunovion Pharmaceuticals, Neurocrine Biosciences, PANDAS Network, and Psyadon Pharmaceuticals. E. Ricketts has received research support from the TAA and NIMH. D. Woods has received speaker{\textquoteright}s honoraria from the TAA and royalties from Guilford Press and Oxford University Press. J. Walkup has received research support from the Hartwell Foundation and the TAA. He is an unpaid advisor to the Anxiety and Depression Association of America (ADAA), the TLC, and the American Foundation for Suicide Prevention. He has received royalties for books from Guilford Press and Oxford University Press and educational materials from Wolters Kluwer. He has served as a paid speaker for the Tourette Syndrome–Centers for Disease Control and Prevention outreach educational programs, the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, and the American Psychiatric Association. A. Peterson has received research support and speaker{\textquoteright}s honoraria from the TAA and receives royalties from Oxford University Press. S. Wilhelm has received research support in the form of free medication and matching placebo for NIMH–funded studies from Forest Laboratories, presenter for the Massachusetts General Hospital Psychiatry Academy in educational programs supported through independent medical education grants from pharmaceutical companies, and salary support from Novartis. She receives royalties from Elsevier Publications, Springer Publications, Guilford Publications, New Harbinger Publications, and Oxford University Press, and speaking honoraria from the IOCDF and the TAA. She received payment from the Association for Behavioral and Cognitive Therapies for her role as Associate Editor for Behavior Therapy as well as from John Wiley & Sons, Inc. for her role as Associate Editor for Depression & Anxiety. A. Lewin reports receiving research support from the All Children{\textquoteright}s Hospital Research Foundation, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and IOCDF; serving on the speaker{\textquoteright}s bureau for the TAA and IOCDF; receiving travel support from the TAA, American Psychological Association, ADAA, NIMH, and Rogers Memorial Hospital; receiving consulting fees from Bracket and Prophase Inc.; receiving book royalties from Springer; receiving honoraria from Oxford Press, Children{\textquoteright}s Tumor Foundation, and University of Central Oklahoma; and being on the scientific and clinical advisory board for the IOCDF and the board of directors for the Society for Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology and American Board of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology. J. McCracken has received grant or research support from NIH, Seaside Therapeutics, Roche, and Otsuka. He has served as a consultant to BioMarin and PharmaNet. J. Leckman serves on the scientific advisory boards of the Brain and Behavior Research Foundation, the European Multicentre Tics in Children Studies, the National Organization for Rare Diseases, Fondazione Child, and How I Decide. He has also received royalties from John Wiley and Sons, McGraw-Hill, and Oxford University Press. L. Scahill has served as a consultant for Roche, Neuren, Bracket, CB Partners, and Supernus and participates in the Speakers Bureau of the TAA. He has received royalties from Oxford and Guilford. Go to Neurology.org/N for full disclosure. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2018 American Academy of Neurology.",
year = "2018",
doi = "10.1212/WNL.0000000000005474",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "90",
pages = "E1711--E1719",
journal = "Neurology",
issn = "0028-3878",
publisher = "Lippincott Williams and Wilkins",
number = "19",
}