TY - JOUR
T1 - A Longitudinal Study of Prenatal Marijuana Use
T2 - Effects on Sleep and Arousal at Age 3 Years
AU - Dahl, Ronald E.
AU - Scher, Mark S.
AU - Williamson, Douglas E.
AU - Robles, Nadine
AU - Day, Nancy
N1 - Funding Information:
Thisresearchwas supported in part by grant DA03874 fromtheNationalInstituteonDrugAbuse, bygrants AA06666andAA00115from the National Institute on Al¬ coholAbuseandAlcoholism(DrDay),andbygrantR29MH 46510fromtheNationalInstituteofMentalHealth(Dr
PY - 1995/2
Y1 - 1995/2
N2 - Objective: To test the hypothesis that sleep disruptions would be evident in 3-year-old children with a history of prenatal marijuana exposure. Design: A prospective study using stratified random sampling beginning in the fourth month of pregnancy. Marijuana and other substance use were assessed by interviews at multiple time points. Offspring were followed up through age 3 years with multidomain assessments at fixed time points, including electroencephalographic sleep studies in the newborn period and at age 3 years. Setting: Primary care, prenatal clinic at a university hospital. Subjects: The sample included 18 children with prenatal marijuana exposure (mean [±SD] age, 39.0±4.4 months) and 20 control children (mean [±SD] age, 39.7±4.4 months). The two groups were similar in relationship to maternal age, race, income, education, or maternal use of alcohol, nicotine, and other substances in the first trimester. Main Outcome Measure: Sleep variables from polysomnographic recordings at age 3 years. Results: Children with prenatal marijuana exposure showed more nocturnal arousals (mean [±SD], 8.2±5.3 vs 3.2±4.6; P <.003), more awake time after sleep onset (mean [±SD], 27.4±20.0 vs 13.7±12.4 min; P<.03),and lower sleep efficiency (mean [±SD], 91.0±3.8 vs 94.4±2.1; P<.03) than did control children. Conclusion: Prenatal marijuana exposure was associated with disturbed nocturnal sleep at age 3 years.
AB - Objective: To test the hypothesis that sleep disruptions would be evident in 3-year-old children with a history of prenatal marijuana exposure. Design: A prospective study using stratified random sampling beginning in the fourth month of pregnancy. Marijuana and other substance use were assessed by interviews at multiple time points. Offspring were followed up through age 3 years with multidomain assessments at fixed time points, including electroencephalographic sleep studies in the newborn period and at age 3 years. Setting: Primary care, prenatal clinic at a university hospital. Subjects: The sample included 18 children with prenatal marijuana exposure (mean [±SD] age, 39.0±4.4 months) and 20 control children (mean [±SD] age, 39.7±4.4 months). The two groups were similar in relationship to maternal age, race, income, education, or maternal use of alcohol, nicotine, and other substances in the first trimester. Main Outcome Measure: Sleep variables from polysomnographic recordings at age 3 years. Results: Children with prenatal marijuana exposure showed more nocturnal arousals (mean [±SD], 8.2±5.3 vs 3.2±4.6; P <.003), more awake time after sleep onset (mean [±SD], 27.4±20.0 vs 13.7±12.4 min; P<.03),and lower sleep efficiency (mean [±SD], 91.0±3.8 vs 94.4±2.1; P<.03) than did control children. Conclusion: Prenatal marijuana exposure was associated with disturbed nocturnal sleep at age 3 years.
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U2 - 10.1001/archpedi.1995.02170140027004
DO - 10.1001/archpedi.1995.02170140027004
M3 - Article
C2 - 7849875
AN - SCOPUS:0028836926
VL - 149
SP - 145
EP - 150
JO - JAMA Pediatrics
JF - JAMA Pediatrics
SN - 2168-6203
IS - 2
ER -