24R,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 [24R,25(OH)2D3] controls growth plate development by inhibiting apoptosis in the reserve zone and stimulating response to 1α,25(OH)2D3 in hypertrophic cells

B. D. Boyan, J. Hurst-Kennedy, T. A. Denison, Z. Schwartz

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

32 Scopus citations

Abstract

Previously we showed that costochondral growth plate resting zone (RC) chondrocytes response primarily to 24R,25(OH)2D3 whereas prehypertrophic and hypertrophic (GC) cells respond to 1α,25(OH)2D3. 24R,25(OH)2D3 increases RC cell proliferation and inhibits activity of matrix processing enzymes, suggesting it stabilizes cells in the reserve zone, possibly by inhibiting the matrix degradation characteristic of apoptotic hypertrophic GC cells. To test this, apoptosis was induced in rat RC cells by treatment with exogenous inorganic phosphate (Pi). 24R,25(OH)2D3 blocked apoptotic effects in a dose-dependent manner. Similarly, apoptosis was induced in ATDC5 cell cultures and 24R,25(OH)2D3 blocked this effect. Further studies indicated that 24R,25(OH)2D3 acts via at least two independent pathways. 24R,25(OH)2D3 increases LPA receptor-1 (LPA R1) expression and production of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), and subsequent LPA R1/3-dependent signaling, thereby decreasing p53 abundance. LPA also increases the Bcl-2/Bax ratio. In addition, 24R,25(OH)2D3 acts by increasing PKC activity. 24R,25(OH)2D3 stimulates 1-hydroxylase activity, resulting in increased levels of 1,25(OH)2D3, and it increases levels of phospholipase A2 activating protein, which is required for rapid 1α,25(OH)2D3-dependent activation of PKC in GC cells. These results suggest that 24R,25(OH)2D3 modulates growth plate development by controlling the rate and extent of RC chondrocyte transition to a GC chondrocyte phenotype.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)212-216
Number of pages5
JournalJournal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Volume121
Issue number1-2
DOIs
StatePublished - Jul 2010

Keywords

  • 24R,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3
  • Chondrocyte apoptosis
  • Growth plate cartilage
  • Vitamin D metabolites

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Medicine
  • Molecular Biology
  • Endocrinology
  • Clinical Biochemistry
  • Cell Biology

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